{"id":114,"date":"2022-07-15T07:02:23","date_gmt":"2022-07-15T05:02:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/?p=114"},"modified":"2022-07-15T07:41:34","modified_gmt":"2022-07-15T05:41:34","slug":"vceli-jed-na-bakulovirus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/d.r5.wbsprt.com\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/15\/vceli-jed-na-bakulovirus\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u010del\u00ed jed a bakulov\u00edrus."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u010co je bakulov\u00edrus?<\/strong><br>Bakulov\u00edrus m\u00f4\u017eeme op\u00edsa\u0165 ako obalen\u00e9 v\u00edrusy, ktor\u00e9 infikuj\u00fa larvy hmyzu v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou z Lepidoptera. Ak sa pozrieme na ich genetick\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru, zist\u00edme, \u017ee maj\u00fa kruhov\u00fd tvar a molekuly dvojvl\u00e1knovej DNA s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou 80 a\u017e 180 kbp. Tieto molekuly s\u00fa balen\u00e9 vo forme ty\u010dovit\u00fdch nukleokapsidov s d\u013a\u017ekou 200 a\u017e 400 nm a priemerom 40 a\u017e 50 nm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne verzie bakulov\u00edrusu, ale AcMNPV (viacn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 nukleopolyhedrov\u00edrusy Autographa californica je najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00edm typom; ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva v r\u00f4znych klinick\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch a vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed biologick\u00fdch procesov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako sa to nakaz\u00ed?<br>Infikuje rovnak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom ako in\u00e9 v\u00edrusy, ale po\u010das svojho infek\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu produkuje dva r\u00f4zne fenotypy. ODV (Occlusion Derived Viruses) iniciuje infekciu priamo z lariev. Je tie\u017e zn\u00e1my ako \u0161t\u00e1dium prim\u00e1rnej infekcie. Potom v\u00edrusov\u00e9 potomstvo zah\u0155\u0148a BV (Budded Viruses), ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00e9 za uskuto\u010dnenie systematickej infekcie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tak\u00e9to typy viri\u00f3nov sa l\u00ed\u0161ia v mechanizme prenosu infekcie a to z\u00e1vis\u00ed od ich bunkov\u00fdch typov; ODV infikuje epitelov\u00e9 bunky stredn\u00e9ho \u010dreva a\u017e o 10 000 viac ako BV. Na druhej strane, BV je 1000-kr\u00e1t \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161\u00ed ako ODV \u2013 pokia\u013e ide o infikovanie kultivovan\u00fdch buniek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BV fenotyp je vo v\u0161eobecnosti zodpovedn\u00fd za sprostredkovanie v\u00edrusovej propag\u00e1cie v bunkovej kult\u00fare. Ale v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina dostupn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa mechanizmu bakulov\u00edrusovej infekcie je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na r\u00f4znych \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch vykonan\u00fdch na hmyz\u00edch bunk\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa infikovan\u00e9 BV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Expresia fosfolip\u00e1zy A2 z v\u010delieho jedu z Apis Cerana Cerana v bunke Baculovirus-Insect CellAbstract<\/strong><br>BVPLA2, tie\u017e zn\u00e1my ako fosfolip\u00e1za A2 v\u010delieho jedu, je lipolutick\u00fd enz\u00fdm, ktor\u00fd katalyzuje hydrol\u00fdzu sn-2 acylovej v\u00e4zby glycerofosfolipidov za uvo\u013enenia lyzofosfolipidov a mastn\u00fdch kysel\u00edn. V tejto klinickej \u0161t\u00fadii bol AccPLA2 z\u00edskan\u00fd z Apis cerana cerana, jed \u010d\u00ednskej v\u010dely, injikovan\u00fd do bacmidu, aby sa vyvinul rekombinantn\u00fd prenosov\u00fd vektor. Bunky Tn-5B-4(Tn) boli infikovan\u00e9 rekombinantnou bacmidovou DNA. Pod\u013ea anal\u00fdzy SDS-PAGE (elektrofor\u00e9za na polyakrylamidovom g\u00e9li s dodecylsulf\u00e1tom sodn\u00fdm) sa zistilo, \u017ee molekuly s dvojit\u00fdm p\u00e1som v\u00e1\u017eili 16-18 kDA. A kone\u010dn\u00fd produkt hexahistid\u00ednov\u00e9ho f\u00fazneho prote\u00ednu AccPLA2 uk\u00e1zal akumul\u00e1ciu a\u017e 5,3 % dostupn\u00fdch bunkov\u00fdch prote\u00ednov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>F\u00fazny prote\u00edn AccPLA2 tie\u017e vykazoval skr\u00ed\u017een\u00fa reakciu s BVPLA2 polyklon\u00e1lneho s\u00e9ra Apis mellifera (eur\u00f3pska v\u010dela medonosn\u00e1). T\u00e1to reakcia vedie k vytvoreniu dvojit\u00e9ho glykozyla\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u00e1su, ktor\u00fd je v s\u00falade s p\u00e1som vytvoren\u00fdm nat\u00edvnou AmPLA2 \u2013 pod\u013ea anal\u00fdzy Western blot. Aktivita PLA2 extrahovan\u00e9ho bunkov\u00e9ho prote\u00ednu je asi 3,16 \u00b5mol\/ (min-mg) v hydrolyzuj\u00facom vaje\u010dnom \u017e\u013atku. Nakoniec sa rekombinantn\u00fd prote\u00edn AccPLA2 m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 na glykozyl\u00e1ciu Tn buniek. Vo svetle t\u00fdchto zisten\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky poskytuj\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 znalosti potrebn\u00e9 pre potenci\u00e1lne genetick\u00e9 in\u017einierstvo na produkciu AccPLA2 na farmaceutick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00davod<br>PLA2 a EC 3.1.1.4 je obrovsk\u00e1 rodina lipolytick\u00fdch enz\u00fdmov, ktor\u00e9 katalyzuj\u00fa hydrol\u00fdzu sn-2 v\u00e4zby glycerofosfolipidov za uvo\u013enenia lyzofosfolipidov a mastn\u00fdch kysel\u00edn. PLA2 m\u00e1 r\u00f4zne z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie, pokia\u013e ide o bunkov\u00e9 spracovanie; ktor\u00fd reguluje vylu\u010dovanie kyseliny arachid\u00f3novej a p\u00f4sob\u00ed ako prekurzor eikosanoidov siln\u00e9ho z\u00e1palov\u00e9ho medi\u00e1tora. Okrem toho PLA2 hr\u00e1 integr\u00e1lnu \u00falohu pri oddialen\u00ed bunkovej smrti v d\u00f4sledku oxida\u010dnej indukcie, prestavby membr\u00e1ny, procesov prenosu sign\u00e1lu a ateroskler\u00f3zy a obrany hostite\u013ea. PLA2 je tie\u017e spojen\u00e1 s r\u00f4znymi \u013eudsk\u00fdmi poruchami, ako je endotoxick\u00fd a septick\u00fd \u0161ok, infarkt myokardu, syndr\u00f3m respira\u010dnej tiesne, autoimunitn\u00e1 uveit\u00edda a reumatoidn\u00e1 artrit\u00edda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Enz\u00fdm PLA2 mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 z r\u00f4znych zdrojov, ako s\u00fa synovi\u00e1lne tekutiny, hmyz\u00ed a plaz\u00ed jed a pankreas cicavcov. Tieto enz\u00fdmy s\u00fa klasifikovan\u00e9 do 15 r\u00f4znych, ale \u00fazko s\u00favisiacich skup\u00edn pod\u013ea \u00farovne homol\u00f3gie na z\u00e1klade aminokyselinov\u00fdch a nukleotidov\u00fdch sekvenci\u00ed. M\u00f4\u017eeme poveda\u0165, \u017ee PLA2 m\u00f4\u017eeme pre klinick\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie rozdeli\u0165 do 3 r\u00f4znych skup\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Skupina I pozost\u00e1va z pankreasu cicavcov a jedu kraitov, skupina II pozost\u00e1va z jedu zmije a krotal\u00edd a posledn\u00e1 skupina, skupina III, pozost\u00e1va zo \u0161korpi\u00f3na\/ja\u0161terice\/v\u010delieho jedu. BVPLA2 je \u010dlenom skupiny III a tvor\u00ed takmer 12 % celkovej suchej hmotnosti v\u010delieho jedu n\u00e1jden\u00e9ho v Apis millifera. M\u00f4\u017eeme poveda\u0165, \u017ee BVPLA2 je najsilnej\u0161\u00ed peptid v\u010delieho jedu. Prirodzene sa spr\u00e1va ako alerg\u00e9n, ktor\u00fd spolupracuje s prepojen\u00fdmi zlo\u017ekami pri obrane v\u010delstva pred ak\u00fdmiko\u013evek votrelcami a pred\u00e1tormi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Melitt\u00edn je \u010fal\u0161ou zlo\u017ekou v\u010delieho jedu, ktor\u00fd ur\u00fdch\u013euje \u00farove\u0148 aktivity BVPLA2. BVPLA2 m\u00e1 nieko\u013eko farmakologick\u00fdch znakov, ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa indukciu rastu neuritov, myotoxicitu a neurotoxicitu a aktivitu HIV. Existuje \u010derstv\u00e1 nukleotidov\u00e1 sekvencia BVPLA2 n\u00e1jden\u00e1 z Apis millifera. AmPLA2 aminokyselinov\u00e9 sekvencie obsahuj\u00fa proregi\u00f3n zvy\u0161kov PLA2 (peptid s 18 aminokyselinami). Je to zrel\u00fd peptid, ktor\u00fd obsahuje 10-cyst\u00ednov\u00fd zvy\u0161ok, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 5-disulfidov\u00e9 v\u00e4zby. Katalyza\u010dn\u00e1 aktivita a kry\u0161t\u00e1lov\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara PLA2A boli zdokumentovan\u00e9 v r\u00f4znych klinick\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch uskuto\u010dnen\u00fdch pred nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi rokmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apis cerana, tie\u017e zn\u00e1ma ako \u00e1zijsk\u00e1 v\u010dela medonosn\u00e1, je tie\u017e najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00edm druhom v\u010diel medonosn\u00fdch vyskytuj\u00facich sa v ju\u017enej a juhov\u00fdchodnej \u010dasti \u00c1zie. Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee Apis cerana, poddruh \u00e1zijskej v\u010dely medonosnej, m\u00e1 viac ako 3000 rokov. \u010c\u00ednski farm\u00e1ri si dobre uvedomuj\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 t\u00fdchto v\u010diel a \u00faspe\u0161ne udr\u017eiavali kol\u00f3niu 1,2 mili\u00f3na Apis cerana. Na druhej strane, eur\u00f3pska v\u010dela medonosn\u00e1, tie\u017e zn\u00e1ma ako Apis millifera, m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fa kol\u00f3niu 7,8 mili\u00f3na v\u010diel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jednou z najzauj\u00edmavej\u0161\u00edch vec\u00ed je, \u017ee jed \u010d\u00ednskych aj eur\u00f3pskych v\u010diel m\u00e1 svoje biologick\u00e9 vlastnosti a vlastnosti. V predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej klinickej \u0161t\u00fadii bol zosilnen\u00fd g\u00e9n BVPLA2, ktor\u00fd k\u00f3duje pokro\u010dil\u00fd peptid \u010d\u00ednskej v\u010dely medonosnej. Zistilo sa, \u017ee v\u0161eobecn\u00e1 expresia AccPLA2 povrchov od 5 d do 42 d robotn\u00edc v\u010dely \u010d\u00ednskej. T\u00e1to \u0161t\u00fadia bola zalo\u017een\u00e1 na sk\u00famanie expresie, enzymatickej aktivity, imunologick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed a glykozyl\u00e1cie rekombinantn\u00e9ho AccPLA2 v hmyz\u00edch bunk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Met\u00f3da<br>PGEM-AcPLA2 bol vyvinut\u00fd pod\u013ea predp\u00edsanej met\u00f3dy while; bunkov\u00e1 l\u00ednia Tn-5B-4 (Tn) bola starostlivo udr\u017eiavan\u00e1 v laborat\u00f3riu. Novoz\u00e9landsk\u00e9 kr\u00e1liky boli z\u00edskan\u00e9 z \u010c\u00ednskeho tradi\u010dn\u00e9ho medic\u00ednskeho in\u0161tit\u00fatu v meste Zhejiang. Re\u0161trik\u010dn\u00e9 enz\u00fdmy HindIII a EcoRI, markery DL1500 a DL2000 sa z\u00edskali od spolo\u010dnosti TaKaRa Company, \u010c\u00edna. Nat\u00edvna AmPLA2, ktor\u00e1 bola komer\u010dne purifikovan\u00e1, bola z\u00edskan\u00e1 od Sigma Company, USA. Kmene E. coli DH10B, transferov\u00fd vektor pFastBacHTa, hov\u00e4dzie te\u013eacie s\u00e9rum a hmyzie bunky TNM-FH, Lipofectin, (IPTG) izopropyl beta-D-tiogalaktopyranozid, X-gal a T4 DNA lig\u00e1za boli z\u00edskan\u00e9 od Invitrogen Corporation, USA. Koz\u00ed anti-kr\u00e1li\u010d\u00ed IgG konjug\u00e1t, NC filter, prote\u00ednov\u00fd molekul\u00e1rny marker a Taq DNA polymer\u00e1za boli z\u00edskan\u00e9 od Sino Promega Company, \u010c\u00edna. Zatia\u013e \u010do s\u00faprava na extrakciu plazmidovej DNA bola z\u00edskan\u00e1 od Omega Bio Tek Corporation, USA. Hov\u00e4dz\u00ed s\u00e9rov\u00fd album\u00edn, deoxychol\u00e1t sodn\u00fd a chlorid v\u00e1penat\u00fd boli z\u00edskan\u00e9 od Sangon Company, \u010c\u00edna. Zabezpe\u010dilo sa, \u017ee v\u0161etky biochemick\u00e9 \u010dinidl\u00e1 z\u00edskan\u00e9 z r\u00f4znych zdrojov maj\u00fa najvy\u0161\u0161iu komer\u010dne dostupn\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 \u010distenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Novoz\u00e9landsk\u00fdm kr\u00e1likom bola podan\u00e1 zmes 300 mg purifikovanej AmPLA2 spolu s 1 ml PBS. Tieto kr\u00e1liky boli podroben\u00e9 vykrv\u00e1caniu po\u010das viac ako 3 t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov po ich prim\u00e1rnej imuniz\u00e1cii prostredn\u00edctvom 200 mg enz\u00fdmu, ktor\u00fd bol emulgovan\u00fd v ne\u00faplnom PBS (1 ml). Potom sa kontinu\u00e1lne 3 t\u00fd\u017edne pod\u00e1vala injekcia s 200 mg enz\u00fdmu rozpusten\u00e9ho v 1 ml fyziologick\u00e9ho roztoku. Z\u00edskan\u00e1 vzorka krvi sa analyzovala na zistenie hodnoty \u00fa\u010dinku podan\u00e9ho s\u00e9ra. Uskuto\u010dnilo sa to prostredn\u00edctvom nat\u00edvnej AmPLA2 po 1 t\u00fd\u017edni druhej d\u00e1vky zosilnenej imuniz\u00e1cie, riadenej pomocou protokolu g\u00e9lovej dif\u00fazie, ako predlo\u017eili Sambrook a Russell. Z\u00edskan\u00e9 s\u00e9rum sa skladovalo pri ve\u013emi n\u00edzkej teplote -80 stup\u0148ov Celzia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Intracelul\u00e1rne prote\u00edny infikovan\u00fdch buniek, nat\u00edvna AmPLA2 a norm\u00e1lne hmyzie bunky sa sk\u00famali pomocou 10 % (obj.\/obj.) SDS-PAGE, op\u00e4\u0165 pod\u013ea met\u00f3dy op\u00edsanej Sambrookom a Russellom. G\u00e9ly boli zafarben\u00e9 Coomassie brilantnou modrou R250. Koncentr\u00e1cia exprimovan\u00e9ho f\u00fazneho prote\u00ednu bola hodnoten\u00e1 skenovan\u00edm tenkej vrstvy SDS-PAGE g\u00e9lu. Nefarben\u00fd prote\u00edn, oddelen\u00fd, bol prenesen\u00fd na nemodifikovan\u00fa NC membr\u00e1nu pre Western bloty. Tento proces sa uskuto\u010dnil v \u0161peci\u00e1lnom zariaden\u00ed Bio-Rad transblot. F\u00fazny prote\u00edn sa sk\u00famal pomocou kr\u00e1li\u010dieho antis\u00e9ra proti nat\u00edvnej AmPLA2. Prote\u00edny boli detegovan\u00e9 na blote cez koz\u00ed anti-kr\u00e1li\u010d\u00ed IgG konjug\u00e1t, ako predp\u00edsali Sambrook a Russell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Titrimetrick\u00fd test PLA2 sa uskuto\u010dnil revidovanou met\u00f3dou, ktor\u00fa predt\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edvali Owen et al. \u010cerstv\u00fd substr\u00e1t vaje\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017e\u013atka, ktor\u00fd bol rozmie\u0161an\u00fd v 200 ml deionizovanej a destilovanej vody, bol denne \u010derstv\u00fd. Vaje\u010dn\u00e1 zmes bola vystaven\u00e1 teplu na 37 stup\u0148ov Celzia a nesk\u00f4r bol primie\u0161an\u00fd NaOH, aby sa udr\u017eala jej hodnota pH na 8,0. Tento proces sa uskuto\u010dnil v \u0161peci\u00e1lnej termostatovanej mikro reak\u010dnej n\u00e1dobe. PH stat titr\u00e1cia sa uskuto\u010d\u0148ovala pomocou syst\u00e9mu pH metra, ktor\u00fd pom\u00e1hal udr\u017eiava\u0165 hodnotu pH na 8,0 po pridan\u00ed 0,005 mol\/l NaOH. Solubilizovan\u00e9 prote\u00ednov\u00e9 extrakty boli starostlivo meran\u00e9 na ich koncentr\u00e1ciu v infikovan\u00fdch bunk\u00e1ch a nesk\u00f4r boli pridan\u00e9 do substr\u00e1tovej zmesi. Purifikovan\u00fd AmPLA2 a BV pr\u00e1\u0161ok, ktor\u00fd bol zrieden\u00fd v deionizovanej a destilovanej vode, boli pou\u017eit\u00e9 ako pozit\u00edvna kontrola, zatia\u013e \u010do extrakty Tn buniek boli vybran\u00e9 ako negat\u00edvna kontrola.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdsledok<br>EcoRI\/Hind \u0161tiepen\u00fd fragment AccPLA2 (cDNA) z pGem-AccPLA2 bol podan\u00fd do prenosov\u00e9ho vektora pFastBacHTa. Produkty registrovan\u00e9ho \u0161tiepenia a PCR rekombinantn\u00e9ho plazmidu mali p\u00e1s 400 bp \u2013 celkom identick\u00fd s fragmentom AccPLA2. Nukleotidov\u00e9 sekvenovanie tie\u017e potvrdilo, \u017ee vlo\u017een\u00fd fragment poskytuje spr\u00e1vny ORF na expresiu prote\u00ednu. Pod\u013ea schematickej prezent\u00e1cie rekombinantn\u00e9ho transferov\u00e9ho vektora sa zistilo, \u017ee vlo\u017een\u00fd g\u00e9n je riaden\u00fd prom\u00f3torom polyhedr\u00ednov\u00e9ho jadrov\u00e9ho v\u00edrusu polyhedr\u00f3zy autographa californica. Exprimovan\u00fd g\u00e9n bol prirodzene navrhnut\u00fd tak, aby vytvoril f\u00fazny prote\u00edn, ktor\u00fd zah\u0155\u0148a hexahistid\u00edn, ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dza na amino-konci, \u010do pr\u00edpadne umo\u017e\u0148uje jednostup\u0148ov\u00e9 \u010distenie pomocou imobilizovanej Ni2+ i\u00f3novej afinitnej chromatografie.<br>Akon\u00e1hle bol rekombinantn\u00fd transferov\u00fd vektor pFastBacHTa \u2013 AccPLA2 konvertovan\u00fd na bunky schopn\u00e9 E. coli DH10B, ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa bakulov\u00edrusov\u00fd kyvadlov\u00fd vektor bacmid, bol \u010falej kultivovan\u00fd. Potom sa uskuto\u010dnila PCR identifik\u00e1cia s bacmidovou DNA, ktor\u00e1 sa izolovala z pozit\u00edvnych kol\u00f3ni\u00ed vo forme templ\u00e1tov s pou\u017eit\u00edm prim\u00e9ru PUC\/M13 a AccPLA2, v danom porad\u00ed. Na\u0161li sa 2 fragmenty, jeden asi 2700 bp a druh\u00fd 100 bp. Po presk\u00faman\u00ed sa zistilo, \u017ee s\u00fa ako fragment AccPLA2 v MCS (viacn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 klonovacie miesta). Na druhej strane, bacmidov\u00fd fragment s 2300 bp bol lokalizovan\u00fd v \u013eavom a pravom rozsahu bakteri\u00e1lneho transpoz\u00f3nu TN7 + AccPLA2 fragmentu. Potvrdzuje, \u017ee rBacmid-AccPLA2 a rekombinantn\u00fd bacmid boli vyvinut\u00e9 presne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pomocou Lipofection bola rBacmid-AccPLA2 DNA spr\u00edstupnen\u00e1 v Tn bunk\u00e1ch v m\u00e9diu. AccPLA2 sa uk\u00e1zal 3 dni po infekcii rBacmid-AccPLA2 DNA. Po dokon\u010den\u00ed centrifug\u00e1cie na generovanie buniek sa v supernatantoch na propag\u00e1ciu pou\u017eil amplifikovan\u00fd rBacmid v Tn bunk\u00e1ch, rTnV-Bac-AccPLA2. Po dokon\u010den\u00ed propag\u00e1cie po\u010das 4 gener\u00e1ci\u00ed sa gen\u00f3mov\u00e1 DNA rTnV-Bac-AccPLA2 pou\u017eila na vykonanie PCR identifik\u00e1cie z infikovan\u00fdch buniek. Elektroforetick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza na agar\u00f3ze uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee produkty PCR mali 400 bp, \u010do bolo identick\u00e9 s g\u00e9nom AccPLA2; bolo teda potvrden\u00e9, \u017ee gen\u00f3mov\u00e1 DNA rTnV-Bac-AccPLA2 bola \u00faspe\u0161ne propagovan\u00e1 v Tn bunk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Diskusia<br>Pred touto klinickou \u0161t\u00fadiou nebol BVPLA2 exprimovan\u00fd v \u017eiadnych hmyz\u00edch bunk\u00e1ch. Ale tu bol g\u00e9n AccPLA2 \u00faspe\u0161ne exprimovan\u00fd v bunk\u00e1ch Tn. Zistilo sa, \u017ee sa zistilo, \u017ee exprimovan\u00fd f\u00fazny prote\u00edn je akt\u00edvny, \u010do nazna\u010duje, \u017ee bunky Tn m\u00f4\u017eu exprimova\u0165 spr\u00e1vne modifikovan\u00fd AccPLA2. Zistenia tejto klinickej \u0161t\u00fadie s\u00fa \u00faplne v s\u00falade s v\u00fdsledkami predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich klinick\u00fdch spr\u00e1v &#8211; Soldatova a kol., Altmann a kol. a Li a kol. Glykozyl\u00e1ciu rekombinantn\u00e9ho prote\u00ednu mo\u017eno ozna\u010di\u0165 za d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd mechanizmus, ktor\u00fd priamo ovplyv\u0148uje funkciu prote\u00ednu. T\u00e1to \u0161t\u00fadia v kombin\u00e1cii s predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facimi \u0161t\u00fadiami m\u00f4\u017ee poskytn\u00fa\u0165 vedeck\u00fd z\u00e1klad pre molekul\u00e1rno-biologick\u00e9 pou\u017eitie AccPLA2 v bud\u00facnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1ver<br>Bunky Tn boli skon\u0161truovan\u00e9 transfekciou rekombinantnej bacmidovej DNA, ktor\u00e1 sa stala s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou nov\u00e9ho g\u00e9nu BVPLA2 prostredn\u00edctvom \u017eliaz apis cerana cerana, aby pomohla exprimova\u0165 rekombinantn\u00fd prote\u00edn AccPLA2. Je to \u0161trukt\u00fara typu BVPLA2, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 takmer rovnak\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 biologickej aktivity; to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u013eahko glykozylovan\u00fd v Tn bunk\u00e1ch. T\u00e1to klinick\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia m\u00f4\u017ee poskytn\u00fa\u0165 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9, ale u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre in\u017einiersku genetiku, ktor\u00fa mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 na v\u00fdrobu AccPLA2 vo farmaceutickom priemysle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zdroj:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2865836\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2865836\/<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u010co je bakulov\u00edrus?Bakulov\u00edrus m\u00f4\u017eeme op\u00edsa\u0165 ako obalen\u00e9 v\u00edrusy, ktor\u00e9 infikuj\u00fa larvy hmyzu v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou z Lepidoptera. Ak sa pozrieme na ich genetick\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru, zist\u00edme, \u017ee maj\u00fa kruhov\u00fd tvar a molekuly dvojvl\u00e1knovej DNA s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou 80 a\u017e 180 kbp. Tieto molekuly s\u00fa balen\u00e9 vo forme ty\u010dovit\u00fdch nukleokapsidov s d\u013a\u017ekou 200 a\u017e 400 nm a priemerom 40 a\u017e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":115,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.14 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>V\u010del\u00ed jed a bakulov\u00edrus. - apitoxin.sk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/15\/vceli-jed-na-bakulovirus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"V\u010del\u00ed jed a bakulov\u00edrus. - apitoxin.sk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u010co je bakulov\u00edrus?Bakulov\u00edrus m\u00f4\u017eeme op\u00edsa\u0165 ako obalen\u00e9 v\u00edrusy, ktor\u00e9 infikuj\u00fa larvy hmyzu v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou z Lepidoptera. 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