{"id":150,"date":"2022-07-18T21:30:10","date_gmt":"2022-07-18T19:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/?p=150"},"modified":"2022-07-18T21:30:11","modified_gmt":"2022-07-18T19:30:11","slug":"liecba-poskodeni-pecene-vcelim-jedom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/d.r5.wbsprt.com\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/18\/liecba-poskodeni-pecene-vcelim-jedom\/","title":{"rendered":"Lie\u010dba po\u0161koden\u00ed pe\u010dene v\u010del\u00edm jedom"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010co je po\u0161kodenie pe\u010dene?<br>Poranenie pe\u010dene sa tie\u017e naz\u00fdva tr\u017en\u00e1 rana pe\u010dene, ktor\u00e1 je v\u00fdsledkom ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek druhu traumy, ktor\u00e9mu \u010delila pe\u010de\u0148. Je to tie\u017e najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00ed typ poranenia brucha. M\u00f4\u017ee k tomu d\u00f4js\u0165 v d\u00f4sledku preniknutia ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek cudzieho predmetu, ako je n\u00f4\u017e alebo gu\u013eka, alebo v d\u00f4sledku ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek mas\u00edvneho n\u00e1razu, ako je dopravn\u00e1 nehoda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 zranenie m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k hemat\u00f3mu pe\u010dene alebo ve\u013ek\u00fdm trhlin\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 sa dostan\u00fa hlboko do pe\u010dene. Poranenie pe\u010dene sa m\u00f4\u017ee sta\u0165 smrte\u013en\u00fdm, ak d\u00f4jde k z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9mu krv\u00e1caniu v d\u00f4sledku po\u0161kodenia ve\u013ek\u00fdch krvn\u00fdch ciev pr\u00edtomn\u00fdch v pe\u010deni. Ak\u00fdko\u013evek druh krv\u00e1cania, ku ktor\u00e9mu doch\u00e1dza v d\u00f4sledku po\u0161kodenia pe\u010dene, sa odohr\u00e1va vo vn\u00fatri bru\u0161nej dutiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa pr\u00edznaky po\u0161kodenia pe\u010dene?<br>Po\u0161kodenie pe\u010dene mo\u017eno \u013eahko zisti\u0165 pomocou nasleduj\u00facich pr\u00edznakov:<br>1. Subjekt prejav\u00ed sympt\u00f3my \u0161oku<br>2. Farba ko\u017ee bude modr\u00e1 alebo bled\u00e1<br>3. Srdcov\u00e1 frekvencia sa zv\u00fd\u0161i a povedie k zr\u00fdchlen\u00e9mu d\u00fdchaniu<br>4. Pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00faca boles\u0165 brucha<br>5. Opuch brucha (v d\u00f4sledku nahromadenia krvi)<br>6. Ako s\u00fa charakterizovan\u00e9 po\u0161kodenia pe\u010dene?<br>7. Existuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne sp\u00f4soby charakteriz\u00e1cie po\u0161kodenia pe\u010dene. S\u00fa uveden\u00e9 ni\u017e\u0161ie:<br>8. Lek\u00e1ri vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ultrasonografiu alebo CT (po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 tomografia) na vy\u0161etrenie po\u0161kodenia pe\u010dene.<br>9. Drobn\u00e9 poranenia pe\u010dene si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa \u010das, ale hoja sa sam\u00e9 \u2013 bez akejko\u013evek lie\u010dby. Iba \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 poranenia pe\u010dene vy\u017eaduj\u00fa chirurgick\u00fd proces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Fosfolip\u00e1za A2 z v\u010delieho jedu chr\u00e1ni pred ak\u00fatnym po\u0161koden\u00edm pe\u010dene sp\u00f4soben\u00fdm acetaminof\u00e9nom\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00davod<br>Paracetamol, tie\u017e zn\u00e1my ako acetaminof\u00e9n, je jedn\u00fdm z naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161\u00edch analget\u00edk a antipyretick\u00fdch liekov, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na lie\u010dbu r\u00f4znych zdravotn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov. Vo v\u0161eobecnosti je to bezpe\u010dn\u00fd liek, ke\u010f sa pou\u017e\u00edva terapeuticky, ale ak sa u\u017e\u00edva vo vysok\u00fdch d\u00e1vkach \u2013 \u013eu\u010fmi alebo zvieratami \u2013 m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k \u010fal\u0161\u00edm l\u00e9zi\u00e1m pe\u010dene, nefrotoxicite, z\u00e1va\u017enej nekr\u00f3ze pe\u010dene a dokonca k smrti. Nieko\u013ek\u00fdm v\u00fdskumn\u00edkom sa \u00faspe\u0161ne podarilo objavi\u0165 mechanizmus zodpovedn\u00fd za ak\u00fatne poranenie vyvolan\u00e9 acetaminof\u00e9nom, najm\u00e4 sign\u00e1lne dr\u00e1hy, ktor\u00e9 ved\u00fa k toxicite a po\u0161kodeniu tkaniva v pe\u010deni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zistilo sa, \u017ee Tregs (regula\u010dn\u00e9 T bunky) hraj\u00fa z\u00e1sadn\u00fa \u00falohu pri udr\u017eiavan\u00ed celkovej tolerancie imunitn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Preto ak\u00fdko\u013evek druh nedostatku Treg buniek m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k autoimunitn\u00e9mu ochoreniu alebo \u010falej zhor\u0161i\u0165 existuj\u00facu infekciu, chorobu alebo chorobu. Tieto bunky hraj\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu pri podpore imunitn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu n\u00e1\u0161ho tela pri akejko\u013evek infekcii, alergii, n\u00e1dorovej imunite a tolerancii transplant\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pod\u013ea r\u00f4znych \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed vykonan\u00fdch sk\u00f4r sa zistilo, \u017ee Tregs vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa terapeutick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok proti imunitne sprostredkovan\u00e9mu po\u0161kodeniu. Zistilo sa, \u017ee z\u00e1palov\u00fd faktor s expresiou IL-10 je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd v reakcii na po\u0161kodenie pe\u010dene vyvolan\u00e9 lie\u010divom. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 citlivos\u0165 na acetaminof\u00e9n priniesla po\u0161kodenie pe\u010dene, preuk\u00e1zala korel\u00e1ciu so zv\u00fd\u0161enou expresiou IL-6 a YNF \u2013 proz\u00e1palov\u00fdch cytok\u00ednov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PLA2 z\u00edskan\u00fd z v\u010delieho jedu je prototypom enz\u00fdmu skupiny III, ktor\u00fd je zodpovedn\u00fd za hydrol\u00fdzu mastn\u00fdch kysel\u00edn. Melitt\u00edn je \u010fal\u0161ou podstatnou zlo\u017ekou v\u010delieho jedu, ktor\u00fd \u010falej zvy\u0161uje \u00fa\u010dinky PLA2. R\u00f4zne klinick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie uskuto\u010dnen\u00e9 sk\u00f4r preuk\u00e1zali, \u017ee PLA2 pom\u00e1ha pri prevencii poranenia miechy a smrti nervov\u00fdch buniek.<br>V tomto klinickom vy\u0161etren\u00ed sa pozornos\u0165 s\u00fastredila na preuk\u00e1zanie, \u017ee PLA2 zabra\u0148uje dysfunkcii pe\u010dene a produkuje protiz\u00e1palov\u00e9 cytok\u00edny u my\u0161\u00ed s injekciou acetaminof\u00e9nu. Zatia\u013e mo\u017eno predpoklada\u0165, \u017ee PLA2 m\u00f4\u017ee vyvola\u0165 terapeutick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky a pon\u00faka ochranu proti hepatotoxicite vyvolanej acetaminof\u00e9nom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Met\u00f3da<br>Na uskuto\u010dnenie tohto experimentu sa samce my\u0161\u00ed C57BL\/6, takmer 6 a\u017e 8 t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov star\u00e9, z\u00edskali z Charles River, K\u00f3rea. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 my\u0161 v\u00e1\u017eila 20 a\u017e 21 gramov. Zatia\u013e \u010do my\u0161i IL-10\u2212\/\u2212 (B10.129P2(B6)-Il10tm1Cgn\/J, takmer 7 a\u017e 8 t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov star\u00e9 a samce my\u0161\u00ed Foxp3EGFPC57BL\/6 (C. Cg-Foxp3tm2Tch\/J, takmer 6 t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov star\u00e9) boli z\u00edskan\u00e9 z Jackson Laboratory, USA. V\u0161etky my\u0161i boli chovan\u00e9 v spr\u00e1vnom klimatiza\u010dnom syst\u00e9me s podmienkami bez patog\u00e9nov a 12 hodinov\u00fdm cyklom svetla a 12 hod\u00edn tmy. Tie\u017e sa zabezpe\u010dilo, aby v\u0161etky my\u0161i mali dostatok potravy a vody. nastavenie tohto klinick\u00e9ho experimentu bolo form\u00e1lne schv\u00e1len\u00e9 V\u00fdborom pre starostlivos\u0165 o zvierat\u00e1 a pou\u017eitie na Kyung Hee University. Vykonanie experiment\u00e1lnych my\u0161\u00ed na konci tejto klinickej \u0161t\u00fadie sa uskuto\u010dnilo prostredn\u00edctvom zadusenia CO2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lie\u010dba<br>Acetaminof\u00e9n a PLA2 boli z\u00edskan\u00e9 od Sigma Aldrich, USA. V\u0161etk\u00fdm my\u0161iam sa intraperitone\u00e1lne injikovalo 0,2 mg\/kg (pod\u013ea telesnej hmotnosti my\u0161\u00ed) PLA2 pred podan\u00edm injekcie acetaminof\u00e9nu. T\u00e1to lie\u010dba sa pod\u00e1vala iba raz po\u010das 5 dn\u00ed. Na druhej strane kontroln\u00e1 skupina tie\u017e dostala rovnak\u00e9 mno\u017estvo PBS. PBS a acetaminof\u00e9n boli zmie\u0161an\u00e9 v \u0161peci\u00e1lnej koncentr\u00e1cii 20 mg\/ml.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Posledn\u00e1 injekcia acetaminof\u00e9nu v d\u00e1vke 500 mg\/kg bola my\u0161iam podan\u00e1 intraperitone\u00e1lne po dvoch d\u0148och, ktor\u00e9 uplynuli od poslednej d\u00e1vky PBS alebo PLA2. A hne\u010f po 24 hodin\u00e1ch od podania injekcie acetaminof\u00e9nu t\u00fdmto my\u0161iam boli udusen\u00e9 CO2. Na vykonanie \u010fal\u0161ej anal\u00fdzy sa odobrali vzorky pe\u010dene, sleziny a krvi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anal\u00fdza<br>Aby sa ur\u010dil ak\u00fdko\u013evek druh zmien v popul\u00e1cii Tregs, po o\u0161etren\u00ed PLA2 sa z my\u0161\u00ed Foxp3EGFP odstr\u00e1nili splenocyty. Bunky boli o\u0161etren\u00e9 PLA2 (0,01 ug\/ml, 0,0 ug\/ml 1, 1 ug\/ml a 10 ug\/ml) a potom kultivovan\u00e9 v m\u00e9diu RPMI 1640 pozost\u00e1vaj\u00facom z 2 ug\/ml anti-my\u0161ej CD28 protil\u00e1tky a 2,5 ug\/ml anti- my\u0161i CD3 protil\u00e1tku po dobu 72 hod\u00edn. Z\u00edskan\u00e9 bunky sa inkubovali s fluorescen\u010dne zna\u010den\u00fdmi Ab na farbenie CD25 a CD4. \u00dadaje sa analyzovali pomocou Cell Quest Pro a \u00fadaje FACS sa z\u00edskali pomocou prietokov\u00e9ho cytometra FACS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hodnotenie<br>Po podan\u00ed injekcie acetaminof\u00e9nu my\u0161iam sa vzorky krvi z\u00edskali hne\u010f po uplynut\u00ed 0 hod\u00edn, 6 hod\u00edn a 24 hod\u00edn. Tieto vzorky by pomohli pri meran\u00ed dysfunkcie pe\u010dene prostredn\u00edctvom kvantifik\u00e1cie ALT a AST. V\u0161etky vzorky krvi sa skladovali pri teplote miestnosti jednu hodinu a nesk\u00f4r sa centrifugovali iba 10 min\u00fat pri 1000 g, aby sa zabezpe\u010dilo spr\u00e1vne oddelenie s\u00e9ra. Hladiny ALT a AST sa merali pomocou pr\u00edstroja Fuji Dri Chem 3500i z\u00edskan\u00e9ho z Japonska, zatia\u013e \u010do hladina IL-10 v s\u00e9re sa merala pomocou ELISA, USA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Farbenie<br>Oddelen\u00e9 pe\u010dene sa umiestnili do 4 % PFA na 24 hod\u00edn a potom sa zaliali do paraf\u00ednu. Vzorky paraf\u00ednu sa narezali na pl\u00e1tky s hr\u00fabkou 5 um a podrobili sa deparafiniz\u00e1cii. Tieto vzorky sa potom farbili v hematoxyl\u00edne na 90. roky a potom sa trikr\u00e1t ponorili do eoz\u00ednu. Po tomto procese boli vzorky pe\u010dene umiestnen\u00e9 pod te\u010d\u00facou vodou na 10 min\u00fat a nakoniec zakryt\u00e9 sklom. Periport\u00e1lne a port\u00e1lne oblasti pe\u010dene sa hodnotili mikroskopicky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Injek\u010dn\u00e9 pod\u00e1vanie<br>Anti-my\u0161ia CD25 potkania IgG1 protil\u00e1tka bola vytvoren\u00e1 z hybrid\u00f3mov z\u00edskan\u00fdch z ATCC, USA. Na depl\u00e9ciu Tregs sa intraperitone\u00e1lne pod\u00e1val anti-my\u0161\u00ed CD25 v d\u00e1vke 0,1 mg na my\u0161. Toto bolo podan\u00e9 pred injekciami acetaminof\u00e9nu a PLA2. Pod\u013ea anal\u00fdzy prietokovou cytometriou sa zistilo, \u017ee po pou\u017eit\u00ed FITC-anti-my\u0161ie CD4 protil\u00e1tky PE-anti-my\u0161ie CD25 doch\u00e1dza k depl\u00e9cii Tregs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hodnotenie<br>Oddelen\u00e9 pe\u010dene sa skladovali pri -70 stup\u0148och Celzia, aby sa presk\u00famal z\u00e1pal v pe\u010de\u0148ov\u00fdch tkaniv\u00e1ch po injekcii acetaminof\u00e9nu. Zmrazen\u00e9 pe\u010de\u0148ov\u00e9 tkaniv\u00e1 pre\u0161li homogeniz\u00e1ciou v prote\u00ednovom roztoku z\u00edskanom od Intron Biotechnology, K\u00f3rea. A potom boli inkubovan\u00e9 tridsa\u0165 min\u00fat na \u013eade a nakoniec centrifugovan\u00e9 pri 13 000 ot\u00e1\u010dkach za min\u00fatu pri 4 stup\u0148och Celzia po\u010das 10 min\u00fat. IL-6 a TNF pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 v pe\u010deni sa merali pomocou enz\u00fdmov\u00e9ho testu z\u00edskan\u00e9ho od BD Biosciences, USA. Na meranie hlad\u00edn dusitanov sa vzorky pe\u010dene inkubovali s rovnak\u00fdm mno\u017estvom Griessovho \u010dinidla (1 % sulfanilamid\/0,1 % N-(1-naftyl)-etyl\u00e9ndiam\u00edndihydrochlorid\/2,5 % H3P04) po\u010das 10 min\u00fat pri teplote miestnosti. Koncentr\u00e1cia prote\u00ednu sa merala pomocou s\u00fapravy BCAth Protein Assay Kit z\u00edskanej od Thermo Scientific, USA. Kone\u010dn\u00e9 koncentr\u00e1cie boli hodnoten\u00e9 s celkov\u00fdm mno\u017estvom prote\u00ednu a nesk\u00f4r vyjadren\u00e9 vo forme pmol\/mg alebo pg\/mg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdsledky<br>Aby sa presk\u00famal imunomodula\u010dn\u00fd vplyv PLA2 v splenocytoch, boli lie\u010den\u00e9 PBS alebo PLA2 po\u010das 3 dn\u00ed. Popul\u00e1cia Treg bola zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 sp\u00f4sobom z\u00e1visl\u00fdm od d\u00e1vky v skupine lie\u010denej PLA2 spojenej so skupinou lie\u010denou PBS.<br>Ochrann\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok Po predbe\u017enom o\u0161etren\u00ed PLA2 sa my\u0161iam podala ve\u013emi vysok\u00e1 d\u00e1vka acetaminof\u00e9nu 200 mg\/kg. Vzorky krvi sa odobrali po 0 hodin\u00e1ch, 6 hodin\u00e1ch a 24 hodin\u00e1ch na meranie hlad\u00edn ALT a AST. Na farbenie H a E sa pe\u010de\u0148ov\u00e9 tkaniv\u00e1 vyrezali 24 hod\u00edn po podan\u00ed injekcie acetaminof\u00e9nu. Hepat\u00e1lna smr\u0165 buniek v periport\u00e1lnej oblasti bola riaden\u00e1 pomocou injekcie PLA2. ALT a AST sa zv\u00fd\u0161ili po podan\u00ed acetaminof\u00e9nu, zatia\u013e \u010do injekcia PLA2 potla\u010dila zaznamenan\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161enie hlad\u00edn ALT a AST.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hepatoprotekt\u00edvny \u00fa\u010dinok<br>\u00da\u010dinky PLA2 v modeli zmen\u0161enia CD4+CD25+T buniek sa sk\u00famali s anti-CD25 protil\u00e1tkou pod\u00e1vanou v mno\u017estve 0,1 mg\/my\u0161 intraperitone\u00e1lnou injekciou. Tie\u017e sa merali hladiny ALT a AST v s\u00e9re. Zistilo sa, \u017ee terapia PLA2 neovplyvnila histopatol\u00f3giu pe\u010dene, hladiny ALT a AST u my\u0161\u00ed s depl\u00e9ciou Treg nevykazovali \u017eiadne zmeny. Hepatoprotekt\u00edvny \u00fa\u010dinok PLA2 bol zn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd u my\u0161\u00ed s depl\u00e9ciou Treg. Vo svetle t\u00fdchto v\u00fdsledkov mo\u017eno poveda\u0165, \u017ee v d\u00f4sledku vy\u010derpania Treg boli hepatotoxick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky PLA2 eliminovan\u00e9 a zistilo sa, \u017ee hepatoprotekt\u00edvny \u00fa\u010dinok PLA2 je z\u00e1visl\u00fd od Treg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cytok\u00edny v pe\u010deni<br>Na sk\u00famanie protiz\u00e1palov\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku terapie PLA2 pri poranen\u00ed vyvolanom acetaminof\u00e9nom sa vypo\u010d\u00edtali hladiny NO, IL-6 a TNF v pe\u010deni po 24 hodin\u00e1ch od podania injekcie acetaminof\u00e9nu. Pozorovalo sa, \u017ee lie\u010den\u00e9 my\u0161i vykazovali zv\u00fd\u0161enie hlad\u00edn NO, IL-6 a TNF. Na druhej strane subjekty lie\u010den\u00e9 PLA2 vykazovali p\u00f4sobiv\u00fd pokles hlad\u00edn NO, IL-6 a TNF ako kontroln\u00e1 skupina a depl\u00e9cia Tregs zn\u00ed\u017eila schopnos\u0165 obrann\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania PLA2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Produkcia IL-10 priniesla \u00fa\u010dinky PLA2<br>Je dobre zn\u00e1mym javom, \u017ee IL-10 pon\u00faka ochranu pred po\u0161koden\u00edm pe\u010dene vyvolan\u00fdm acetaminof\u00e9nom. Bolo v\u0161ak d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 ur\u010di\u0165, \u010di s\u00fa hepatoprotekt\u00edvne \u00fa\u010dinky PLA2 z\u00e1visl\u00e9 od IL-10 alebo nie. Na tento \u00fa\u010del sa vybrali my\u0161i s deficitom IL-10. Hladiny ALT a AST sa merali 24 hod\u00edn po podan\u00ed injekcie acetaminof\u00e9nu. Z\u00edskan\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dinok PLA2 na hepatotoxicitu indukovan\u00fa acetaminof\u00e9nom bol u my\u0161\u00ed s deficitom IL-10 zru\u0161en\u00fd. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee IL-10 hr\u00e1 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu pri sprostredkovan\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinkov PLA2 v stave hepatotoxicity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Okrem toho tieto klinick\u00e9 zistenia tie\u017e nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee Tregs s\u00fa ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre prim\u00e1rne zv\u00fd\u0161enie a produkciu IL-10 u my\u0161\u00ed. IL-10 tie\u017e pon\u00faka ochranu pred acetaminof\u00e9nom vyvolanou letalitou pe\u010dene a po\u0161koden\u00edm. Louis a spol. uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee spr\u00e1vne pod\u00e1vanie IL-10 odstra\u0148uje ak\u00e9ko\u013evek \u0161ance na hepatotoxicitu v lipopolysacharidovom a galaktozam\u00ednovom my\u0161acom modeli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Diskusia<br>Mus\u00edte vedie\u0165, \u017ee pe\u010de\u0148 je jedn\u00fdm zo \u017eivotne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch org\u00e1nov, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00fa pri detoxik\u00e1cii r\u00f4znych tox\u00ednov a liekov z n\u00e1\u0161ho syst\u00e9mu. Tox\u00edny a lieky m\u00f4\u017eu vo ve\u013ekej miere po\u0161kodi\u0165 pe\u010de\u0148. St\u00e1va sa to postupne, ale trv\u00e1 ve\u013ea \u010dasu, k\u00fdm sa objavia pr\u00edznaky. Preto bolo v tomto klinickom experimente zaznamenan\u00e9, \u017ee vysok\u00e1 d\u00e1vka acetaminof\u00e9nu \u2013 analgetika \u2013 vedie u experiment\u00e1lnych my\u0161\u00ed k ak\u00fatnej hepatotoxicite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pod\u013ea klinickej \u0161t\u00fadie vykonanej sk\u00f4r sa dospelo k z\u00e1veru, \u017ee Tregs pom\u00e1hal pri zmier\u0148ovan\u00ed z\u00e1palu sp\u00f4soben\u00e9ho po\u0161koden\u00edm pe\u010dene. Adopt\u00edvna indukcia Tregs u my\u0161\u00ed \u00faspe\u0161ne zabra\u0148uje ak\u00e9muko\u013evek druhu po\u0161kodenia pe\u010dene. V tomto v\u00fdskume bolo prezentovan\u00e9, \u017ee PLA2 kompenzuje z\u00e1palov\u00e9 imunitn\u00e9 ochorenie pomocou regul\u00e1cie Treg. PLA2 odvoden\u00e1 z v\u010delieho jedu p\u00f4sobivo posilnila popul\u00e1ciu Treg v splenocytoch. Z t\u00fdchto v\u00fdsledkov sa stanovila hypot\u00e9za, \u017ee PLA2 m\u00f4\u017ee poskytn\u00fa\u0165 ochrann\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok na hepatotoxicitu vyvolan\u00fa acetaminof\u00e9nom s doplnkov\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dinkom Tregs.<br>Je mo\u017en\u00e9 navrhn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee PLA2 mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 ako alternat\u00edvnu terapiu pre NAC alebo dokonca pou\u017ei\u0165 s\u00fa\u010dasne s NAC na zmiernenie z\u00e1palu sp\u00f4soben\u00e9ho po\u0161koden\u00edm pe\u010dene acetaminof\u00e9nom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1ver<br>Na z\u00e1ver mo\u017eno poveda\u0165, \u017ee PLA2 podporuje sekr\u00e9ciu IL-10 modul\u00e1ciou Treg a zabra\u0148uje ak\u00fatnemu po\u0161kodeniu pe\u010dene. Ve\u013emi sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee PLA2 si zachov\u00e1va hepatoprotekt\u00edvny \u00fa\u010dinok pri toxicite vyvolanej acetaminof\u00e9nom prostredn\u00edctvom modul\u00e1cie IL-10 a Tregs u experiment\u00e1lnych my\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zdroj:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4257707\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4257707\/<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u010co je po\u0161kodenie pe\u010dene?Poranenie pe\u010dene sa tie\u017e naz\u00fdva tr\u017en\u00e1 rana pe\u010dene, ktor\u00e1 je v\u00fdsledkom ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek druhu traumy, ktor\u00e9mu \u010delila pe\u010de\u0148. Je to tie\u017e najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00ed typ poranenia brucha. M\u00f4\u017ee k tomu d\u00f4js\u0165 v d\u00f4sledku preniknutia ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek cudzieho predmetu, ako je n\u00f4\u017e alebo gu\u013eka, alebo v d\u00f4sledku ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek mas\u00edvneho n\u00e1razu, ako je dopravn\u00e1 nehoda. Sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 zranenie m\u00f4\u017ee [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":151,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.14 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Lie\u010dba po\u0161koden\u00ed pe\u010dene v\u010del\u00edm jedom - apitoxin.sk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/18\/liecba-poskodeni-pecene-vcelim-jedom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lie\u010dba po\u0161koden\u00ed pe\u010dene v\u010del\u00edm jedom - apitoxin.sk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u010co je po\u0161kodenie pe\u010dene?Poranenie pe\u010dene sa tie\u017e naz\u00fdva tr\u017en\u00e1 rana pe\u010dene, ktor\u00e1 je v\u00fdsledkom ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek druhu traumy, ktor\u00e9mu \u010delila pe\u010de\u0148. Je to tie\u017e najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00ed typ poranenia brucha. M\u00f4\u017ee k tomu d\u00f4js\u0165 v d\u00f4sledku preniknutia ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek cudzieho predmetu, ako je n\u00f4\u017e alebo gu\u013eka, alebo v d\u00f4sledku ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek mas\u00edvneho n\u00e1razu, ako je dopravn\u00e1 nehoda. 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