{"id":162,"date":"2022-07-19T07:58:02","date_gmt":"2022-07-19T05:58:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/?p=162"},"modified":"2022-07-19T08:04:18","modified_gmt":"2022-07-19T06:04:18","slug":"terapia-vcelim-jedom-na-roztrusenu-sklerozu-skleroza-multiplex","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/d.r5.wbsprt.com\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/terapia-vcelim-jedom-na-roztrusenu-sklerozu-skleroza-multiplex\/","title":{"rendered":"Terapia v\u010del\u00edm jedom na roztr\u00fasen\u00fa skler\u00f3zu \/Skler\u00f3za Multiplex\/"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pod\u013ea odhadov sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee viac ako 2,5 mili\u00f3na \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed patria do r\u00f4znych oblast\u00ed sveta, m\u00e1 roztr\u00fasen\u00fa skler\u00f3zu. Skr\u00e1tene MS, roztr\u00fasen\u00e1 skler\u00f3za postihuje ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dloveka inak; m\u00f4\u017eeme, \u017ee pr\u00edznaky sa ve\u013emi l\u00ed\u0161ia od jednej osoby k druhej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u010co je roztr\u00fasen\u00e1 skler\u00f3za?<\/strong><br>Ide o neurologick\u00e9 ochorenie, ktor\u00e9 trvalo po\u0161kodzuje bunky CNS (centr\u00e1lneho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu), teda mozgu a miechy. Centr\u00e1lny nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m je zodpovedn\u00fd za riadenie r\u00f4znych funkci\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161ho tela.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jednou z \u00faloh tohto syst\u00e9mu je vysiela\u0165 sign\u00e1ly do r\u00f4znych org\u00e1nov na regul\u00e1ciu spr\u00e1vneho d\u00fdchacieho mechanizmu. V\u0161etky tieto funkcie sa vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa pomocou neur\u00f3nov; m\u00f4\u017eeme ich nazva\u0165 aj vysiela\u010de centr\u00e1lneho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ako sa zist\u00ed SM?<\/strong><br>Roztr\u00fasen\u00e1 skler\u00f3za trv\u00e1 ve\u013ea \u010dasu na ovplyvnenie t\u00fdchto neur\u00f3nov; m\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 ot\u00e1zka nieko\u013ek\u00fdch t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov alebo aj mesiacov. SM sa d\u00e1 diagnostikova\u0165 magnetickou rezonanciou mozgu \u2013 neurol\u00f3g ju odporu\u010d\u00ed po z\u00e1kladnom vy\u0161etren\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Okrem MRI mozgu sa posudzuj\u00fa niektor\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie reakcie, ako je rovnov\u00e1ha, pocity, reflexy a neurologick\u00e9 funkcie, aby sa skontroloval rozsah, v akom bol CNS ovplyvnen\u00fd. Pomocou magnetickej kamery sa uskuto\u010d\u0148uj\u00fa r\u00f4zne typy testov, aby sa zistilo, ak\u00e9 zmeny v CNS boli sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 SM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prostredn\u00edctvom tohto vy\u0161etrenia nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 odhali\u0165 n\u00e1dory. Na stanovenie z\u00e1palu v centr\u00e1lnom nervovom syst\u00e9me sa z\u00edskaj\u00fa vzorky lumb\u00e1lnej punkcie. Tieto vzorky sa z\u00edskavaj\u00fa priamo zo stavovca pomocou ve\u013emi tenkej ihly. Technika lumb\u00e1lnej punkcie je lep\u0161ia ako ak\u00e1ko\u013evek in\u00e1 forma testovania, ako je testovanie vzoriek tekut\u00edn, testovanie miechy alebo vy\u0161etrenie magnetickou kamerou. Pom\u00e1ha pri z\u00edskavan\u00ed spr\u00e1vneho mno\u017estva inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 diagnostikova\u0165 skler\u00f3zu multiplex.<br>\u200b<br>Z\u00edskan\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky sa hodnotia na z\u00e1klade anamn\u00e9zy pacienta a vykonan\u00fdch neurologick\u00fdch testov. Pom\u00e1ha z\u00edska\u0165 jasn\u00fd obraz o sp\u00f4sobenej \u0161kode a o tom, ak\u00fd typ lie\u010dby m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>V\u010del\u00ed jed predl\u017euje pre\u017eitie v modeloch amyotrofickej later\u00e1lnej skler\u00f3zy<\/strong><br>ALS je zn\u00e1ma ako amyotrofick\u00e1 later\u00e1lna skler\u00f3za, \u010do je z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 ochorenie, ktor\u00e9 postihuje centr\u00e1lny nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Toto ochorenie m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 famili\u00e1rnym p\u00f4vodom, smr\u0165ou motorick\u00fdch neur\u00f3nov alebo dokonca sporadick\u00e9. Ak diskutujeme o genetick\u00fdch faktoroch, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00e9 za ALS, m\u00f4\u017eeme poveda\u0165, \u017ee je to mutant SOD1, ktor\u00fd indukuje citlivos\u0165 motorick\u00fdch neur\u00f3nov v d\u00f4sledku nespr\u00e1vneho poskladania prote\u00ednov, neuroz\u00e1palu, nevhodnej signaliz\u00e1cie rastov\u00e9ho faktora, glutam\u00e1tovej excitotoxicity, defektn\u00e9ho axon\u00e1lneho transportu, cytoskelet\u00e1lnych abnormal\u00edt, oxida\u010dn\u00e9 po\u0161kodenie a nefunk\u010dn\u00e1 mitochondri\u00e1lna dysfunkcia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BV (v\u010del\u00ed jed) je jedn\u00fdm z najs\u013eubnej\u0161\u00edch terapeutick\u00fdch liekov, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v r\u00f4znych orient\u00e1lnych liekoch. Existuje mno\u017estvo dostupn\u00fdch d\u00f4kazov z r\u00f4znych v\u00fdskumov a vy\u0161etren\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee v\u010del\u00ed jed je naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ou a najbezpe\u010dnej\u0161ou mo\u017enos\u0165ou. V\u010del\u00ed jed m\u00e1 antinocicept\u00edvne a protiz\u00e1palov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky proti z\u00e1palovej reakcii, ktor\u00e1 je spojen\u00e1 s r\u00f4znymi z\u00e1palov\u00fdmi ochoreniami. T\u00e1to \u0161t\u00fadia sa uskuto\u010dnila na vyhodnotenie \u00fa\u010dinnosti v\u010delieho jedu, pokia\u013e ide o kontrolu straty motorick\u00fdch neur\u00f3nov a aktiv\u00e1ciu mikrogli\u00e1lnych buniek u my\u0161\u00ed hSOD1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BV (v\u010del\u00ed jed) sa pod\u00e1val subkut\u00e1nne samcom my\u0161\u00ed hSOD1 star\u00fdm 98 dn\u00ed\/14 t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov v ST36 (Zusanli acupoint). Tento bod bol vybran\u00fd, preto\u017ee vo svetle predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich klinick\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed sa zistilo, \u017ee sprostredk\u00fava protiz\u00e1palov\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok.<br>Na meranie motorickej aktivity sa uskuto\u010dnil z\u00e1kladn\u00fd rota\u010dn\u00fd test, zatia\u013e \u010do na anal\u00fdzu \u0161tatist\u00edk pre\u017eitia sa pou\u017eila met\u00f3da Kaplan-Meierovej krivky pre\u017eitia. \u00da\u010dinok terapie v\u010del\u00edm jedom na protineuroz\u00e1pal hSOD1 my\u0161\u00ed bol hodnoten\u00fd imunoreakciami TNF-a protil\u00e1tky a Iba ako mikrogliov\u00e9ho markera. Aktiv\u00e1cia prote\u00ednov kasp\u00e1zy-3, MAPK (p38 MAP kin\u00e1za), Akt a ERK sa sk\u00famala met\u00f3dou western blotting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>My\u0161i hSOD1 lie\u010den\u00e9 v\u010del\u00edm jedom preuk\u00e1zali v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pokles hlad\u00edn fosfo-p38 MAPK a markera mikroglie v mozgovom pr\u00fade a mieche. Tie\u017e sa zistilo, \u017ee v\u010del\u00ed jed zlep\u0161il medi\u00e1lne pre\u017eitie a celkov\u00fa motorick\u00fa aktivitu skupiny lie\u010denej v\u010del\u00edm jedom o 139 \u00b1 dn\u00ed, \u010do je takmer o 18 % viac ako u kontrolnej skupiny, ktor\u00e1 vykazovala 117 \u00b1 dn\u00ed. Okrem toho sa zistilo, \u017ee v\u010del\u00ed jed tie\u017e potl\u00e1\u010da aktivitu prote\u00ednu kasp\u00e1zy-3 a kontroluje mo\u017en\u00e9 nedostatky morfol\u00f3gie kr\u00eds a mitochondri\u00e1lnej \u0161trukt\u00fary v lumb\u00e1lnej mieche hSOD1 my\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na z\u00e1klade zisten\u00ed tohto laborat\u00f3rneho vy\u0161etrenia v\u00fdskumn\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia nazna\u010duje, \u017ee v\u010del\u00ed jed m\u00f4\u017ee sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 ako potenci\u00e1lne terapeutick\u00e9 \u010dinidlo, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee kontrolova\u0165 protiz\u00e1palov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na my\u0161ac\u00edch modeloch ALS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Randomizovan\u00e1 kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia terapie v\u010del\u00edm bodnut\u00edm pri skler\u00f3ze multiplex<br><\/strong>V\u010del\u00ed jed sa teraz pou\u017e\u00edva na lie\u010dbu pacientov s SM (roztr\u00fasen\u00e1 skler\u00f3za), preto\u017ee sa ver\u00ed, \u017ee BV m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 zlep\u0161i\u0165 alebo stabilizova\u0165 sympt\u00f3my ochorenia. V tejto s\u00favislosti je v\u0161ak potrebn\u00fdch viac klinick\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed na podporu tejto skuto\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto oh\u013eade bola vykonan\u00e1 randomizovan\u00e1 kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia. Bolo vybran\u00fdch 26 pacientov, ktor\u00ed mali recidivuj\u00facu sekund\u00e1rne progres\u00edvnu roztr\u00fasen\u00fa skler\u00f3zu a dostali v\u010del\u00ed jed po\u010das 24 t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov. Na z\u00edskanie v\u010delieho jedu sa trikr\u00e1t t\u00fd\u017edenne pou\u017eilo 20 v\u010diel na z\u00edskanie v\u010delieho jedu. Prim\u00e1rny v\u00fdsledok uk\u00e1zal kumulat\u00edvny po\u010det \u010derstv\u00fdch l\u00e9zi\u00ed podporuj\u00facich gadol\u00ednium na T-1 v\u00e1\u017eenej MRI mozgu. Zatia\u013e \u010do sekund\u00e1rny v\u00fdsledok indikoval za\u0165a\u017eenie l\u00e9ziami na T-2 v\u00e1\u017eenej MRI, kvalitu \u017eivota spojen\u00fa so zdrav\u00edm (kr\u00e1tky formul\u00e1r v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00e9ho prieskumu), \u00fanavu (\u0161k\u00e1la vplyvu \u00fanavy, skr\u00e1ten\u00fd dotazn\u00edk \u00fanavy), invaliditu (funk\u010dn\u00fd kompozit roztr\u00fasenej skler\u00f3zy, roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fd stav invalidity \u0161k\u00e1la, \u0161k\u00e1la neurologick\u00e9ho postihnutia chlapcov) a miera relapsov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Terapia v\u010del\u00edm jedom neodhalila \u017eiadny podstatn\u00fd pokles v kumulat\u00edvnom po\u010dte \u010derstv\u00fdch l\u00e9zi\u00ed zvy\u0161uj\u00facich gadol\u00ednium. Zistilo sa, \u017ee T-2 v\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e l\u00e9zi\u00ed sa \u010falej zv\u00fd\u0161ila bez pozorovan\u00e9ho zn\u00ed\u017eenia miery relapsov. Taktie\u017e nedo\u0161lo k \u017eiadnemu zlep\u0161eniu kvality \u017eivota, \u00fanavy a invalidity. D\u00e1 sa poveda\u0165, \u017ee terapia v\u010del\u00edm jedom bola dobre zn\u00e1\u0161an\u00e1 bez ak\u00fdchko\u013evek z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinkov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pod\u013ea tohto klinick\u00e9ho experimentu lie\u010dba v\u010del\u00edm jedom na pacientoch s SM nezn\u00ed\u017eila invaliditu, aktivitu choroby ani \u00farove\u0148 \u00fanavy a dokonca nezlep\u0161ila kvalitu \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>V\u00fd\u0165a\u017eok z v\u010delieho jedu ako mo\u017en\u00e1 lie\u010dba pre pacientov s progres\u00edvnou formou roztr\u00fasenej skler\u00f3zy<br><\/strong>R\u00f4zne klinick\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee BV pom\u00e1ha pri lie\u010dbe pacientov s MS (roztr\u00fasen\u00e1 skler\u00f3za). Hoci pacient m\u00f4\u017ee \u010deli\u0165 emocion\u00e1lnym a finan\u010dn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom s niektor\u00fdmi v\u00e1\u017enymi alergick\u00fdmi reakciami, st\u00e1le je to ove\u013ea lep\u0161ia mo\u017enos\u0165 ako in\u00e9 konven\u010dn\u00e9 lieky ur\u010den\u00e9 na SM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00e1to klinick\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia bola vykonan\u00e1 na meranie \u00farovne bezpe\u010dnosti BV extraktu na lie\u010dbu pacientov s r\u00f4znymi progres\u00edvnymi formami roztr\u00fasenej skler\u00f3zy. Bolo vybran\u00fdch 9 pacientov s progres\u00edvnou skler\u00f3zou multiplex, ktor\u00ed nevykazovali \u017eiadnu alergick\u00fa reakciu na v\u010del\u00ed jed. Rozdelili sa \u010falej do \u0161tyroch skup\u00edn a podrobili sa 1-ro\u010dn\u00e9mu imuniza\u010dn\u00e9mu re\u017eimu. Ich vek bol od 21 do 55 rokov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na ur\u010denie ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek druhu hyperreaktivity na v\u010del\u00ed jed sa pou\u017eili r\u00f4zne testy ako imunologick\u00e9, metabolick\u00e9, hematologick\u00e9, fyzik\u00e1lne vy\u0161etrenie a dotazn\u00edk. Vygenerovan\u00e9 odpovede boli vyhodnoten\u00e9 nesk\u00f4r prostredn\u00edctvom funk\u010dn\u00fdch neurologick\u00fdch testov, meran\u00ed somatosenzorick\u00e9ho evokovan\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu a dotazn\u00edka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zistilo sa, \u017ee pacienti patriaci do skup\u00edn A, B, C a D nezaznamenali \u017eiadne z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 alergick\u00e9 reakcie. U 4 pacientov sa vyskytli zhor\u0161uj\u00face sa neurologick\u00e9 sympt\u00f3my, ktor\u00e9 si vy\u017eadovali okam\u017eit\u00e9 ukon\u010denie \u0161t\u00fadie. Neboli pripisovan\u00e9 skupine, ktor\u00e1 \u010delila z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinkom terapie v\u010del\u00edm jedom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Teraz zostalo iba 5 pacientov, z ktor\u00fdch 3 uv\u00e1dzali subjekt\u00edvne zlep\u0161enie sympt\u00f3mov SM, zatia\u013e \u010do zvy\u0161n\u00ed 2 preuk\u00e1zali objekt\u00edvne zlep\u0161enie sympt\u00f3mov. Vo svetle tejto klinickej \u0161t\u00fadie mo\u017eno poveda\u0165, \u017ee t\u00e1to mal\u00e1 vzorka \u00fa\u010dinne nepodporuje my\u0161lienku pou\u017eitia v\u010delieho jedu na lie\u010dbu SM. D\u00f4vodom je, \u017ee sk\u00faman\u00e1 vzorka bola mal\u00e1. Je potrebn\u00e9 vykona\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie a kontrolovan\u00e9 laborat\u00f3rne experimenty, ktor\u00e9 stanovia \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 v\u010delieho jedu v pr\u00edpadoch SM. T\u00e1to \u0161t\u00fadia pomohla vytvori\u0165 z\u00e1klad pre experimenty, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno vykona\u0165 nesk\u00f4r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00da\u010dinok v\u010delieho jedu na potkany Lewis s experiment\u00e1lnou alergickou encefalomyelit\u00eddou, modelom roztr\u00fasenej skler\u00f3zy<br><\/strong>MS (roztr\u00fasen\u00e1 skler\u00f3za) sa ozna\u010duje ako progres\u00edvne autoimunitn\u00e9 neurodegenerat\u00edvne ochorenie, ktor\u00e9 ni\u010d\u00ed CNS (centr\u00e1lny nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m). Nieko\u013eko zjavn\u00fdch pr\u00edznakov roztr\u00fasenej skler\u00f3zy nazna\u010duje de\u0161trukciu neurologick\u00fdch mechanizmov, demyeliniz\u00e1ciu a z\u00e1pal. EAE (experiment\u00e1lna alergick\u00e1 encefalomyelit\u00edda) je jedn\u00fdm z najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161\u00edch zvierac\u00edch modelov na uskuto\u010d\u0148ovanie experimentov so skler\u00f3zou multiplex.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Modelov\u00e9 my\u0161i boli vystaven\u00e9 EAE podan\u00edm tkaniva MBP (myel\u00ednov\u00fd b\u00e1zick\u00fd prote\u00edn) alebo MOG (myel\u00ednov\u00fd oligodendrocytov\u00fd glykoprote\u00edn), CNS spolu s adjuvans. MS a EAE s\u00fa dos\u0165 podobn\u00e9 choroby, preto\u017ee obe maj\u00fa takmer rovnak\u00e9 sympt\u00f3my. Apis mellifera (v\u010del\u00ed jed) pozost\u00e1va z r\u00f4znych prote\u00ednov a peptidov s vysokou a n\u00edzkou molekulovou hmotnos\u0165ou, ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa fosfolip\u00e1zu A2, degranula\u010dn\u00fd peptid \u017e\u00edrnych buniek, adolap\u00edn a melit\u00edn apam\u00edn. BV m\u00e1 antinocicept\u00edvne a protiz\u00e1palov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na ak\u00fdko\u013evek druh z\u00e1palov\u00fdch reakci\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GPSCH (homogen\u00e1t miechy mor\u010diat) je s CFA (kompletn\u00e9 Freundovo adjuvans), ktor\u00fd pozost\u00e1va z Mycobacterium tuberculosis 1 mg\/ml. Pou\u017eil sa na vyvolanie EAE u potkanov Lewis na vytvorenie modelu roztr\u00fasenej skler\u00f3zy. Luxol, eoz\u00edn a hematoxyl\u00ednov\u00e9 met\u00f3dy sa pou\u017eili na anal\u00fdzu z\u00e1palu a detekciu demyeliniz\u00e1cie, ak existuje v centr\u00e1lnom nervovom syst\u00e9me.<br>HPLC (vysoko\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 kvapalinov\u00e1 chromatografia) a ELISA sa pou\u017eili na hodnotenie TNF-\u03b1 (faktor nekr\u00f3zy n\u00e1dorov alfa a hladina dusi\u010dnanov v s\u00e9re potkanov. T\u00e1to klinick\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia sa za\u010dala s cie\u013eom ur\u010di\u0165, \u017ee v\u010del\u00ed jed spolu s EAE potl\u00e1\u010daj\u00fa sympt\u00f3my klinick\u00e1 porucha, demyeliniz\u00e1cia, infiltr\u00e1cia z\u00e1palov\u00fdch buniek a patologick\u00e9 zmeny v CNS (centr\u00e1lnom nervovom syst\u00e9me), s\u00e9rov\u00e9 \u200b\u200bnitr\u00e1ty, s\u00e9rov\u00fd TNF-a u potkanov vyvolan\u00fdch EAE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po imuniz\u00e1cii potkanov pomocou GPSCH \u2013 CFA sa rozdelili do r\u00f4znych skup\u00edn. Pri 9 dpi vykazovali zn\u00e1mky zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9ho \u00fabytku hmotnosti, stravovacieho spr\u00e1vania a vyh\u013ead\u00e1vac\u00edch aktiv\u00edt. Pri 11 dpi bola v skupine E-S pozorovan\u00e1 \u010diasto\u010dn\u00e1 paral\u00fdza a strata natiahnutia chvosta. Pri 12 dpi boli rovnak\u00e9 sympt\u00f3my pozorovan\u00e9 v skupine E-BV, zatia\u013e \u010do pri 13 dpi skupina E-BB vykazovala rovnak\u00e9 sympt\u00f3my. Postupom \u010dasu a po postupnom zvy\u0161ovan\u00ed boli zadn\u00e9 nohy modelov\u00fdch my\u0161\u00ed \u00faplne paralyzovan\u00e9. Skupina E-S vykazovala ve\u013emi vysok\u00fa intenzitu t\u00fdchto pr\u00edznakov. Intenzita ochorenia bola v\u00fdznamne zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 v skupine E-BV (1 a 2) v porovnan\u00ed so skupinou E-S. Zhroma\u017eden\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee v\u010del\u00ed jed m\u00f4\u017ee p\u00f4sobivo zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 klinick\u00e9 sympt\u00f3my a ak\u00e9ko\u013evek \u00fa\u010dinky vakcin\u00e1cie u potkanov Lewis s GPSH-CFA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pri sk\u00faman\u00ed a anal\u00fdze zafarben\u00fdch rezov pomocou sveteln\u00e9ho mikroskopu sa pozorovalo, \u017ee vo vzorke tkaniva kontrolnej skupiny nedo\u0161lo k \u017eiadnemu zjavn\u00e9mu prenikaniu z\u00e1palov\u00fdch buniek miechy a mozgov\u00e9ho parench\u00fdmu. Zatia\u013e \u010do vzorky, ktor\u00e9 obsahovali stopy penetr\u00e1cie mononukle\u00e1rnych z\u00e1palov\u00fdch buniek, sa nach\u00e1dzali okolo mozgov\u00fdch bl\u00e1n a krvn\u00fdch ciev, ktor\u00e9 patrili do 3 ozna\u010den\u00fdch skup\u00edn. \u0160pecifikovan\u00e9 skupiny vykazovali r\u00f4znu intenzitu vo vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdch znakoch. V\u00fdznamn\u00e1 bola intenzita prieniku z\u00e1palov\u00fdch buniek a patologick\u00fdch zmien v mieche a mozgovom tkanive skupiny E-S. Na druhej strane intenzita patologick\u00fdch zmien v E-BV (1 a 2) preuk\u00e1zala v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017eenie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TNF-a n\u00e1jden\u00fd v s\u00e9re subjektov potkanov sa vypo\u010d\u00edtal postupom ELISA pre r\u00f4zne skupiny. Zistilo sa, \u017ee mno\u017estvo TNF-a sa v lie\u010den\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch zn\u00ed\u017eilo v porovnan\u00ed s E-S. Zistilo sa, \u017ee proces redukcie je dos\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd v skupine E-BV2. D\u00e1 sa potvrdi\u0165, \u017ee v\u010del\u00ed jed redukoval TNF-\u03b1, ktor\u00fd bol ovplyvnen\u00fd GPSCH \u2013 CFA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161etky \u00fadaje zozbieran\u00e9 z r\u00f4znych klinick\u00fdch postupov toho ist\u00e9ho experimentu uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee v\u010del\u00ed jed spolu s EAE pom\u00e1ha pri zni\u017eovan\u00ed pr\u00edznakov roztr\u00fasenej skler\u00f3zy a tie\u017e vedie k patologick\u00fdm zmen\u00e1m, hladine dusi\u010dnanov a s\u00e9rov\u00e9ho TNF-\u03b1.<br>\u200b<br>Je teda potvrden\u00e9, \u017ee jed v\u010dely m\u00e1 imunomodula\u010dn\u00e9 a protiz\u00e1palov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. Mechanizmus, ktor\u00fd je v tejto klinickej \u0161t\u00fadii predpovedan\u00fd v\u010del\u00edm jedom, je mo\u017en\u00fd len v\u010faka jeho uveden\u00fdm vlastnostiam. Tento laborat\u00f3rny v\u00fdskum pripravil p\u00f4du pre uskuto\u010dnenie rozsiahleho v\u00fdskumu, ktor\u00fd by mohol pom\u00f4c\u0165 pri v\u00fdvoji \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9ho d\u00e1vkov\u00e9ho cyklu BV pre pacientov s MS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zdroje:<\/strong><br><a href=\"http:\/\/data.freelancer.com\/pmb\/_kfwFNUayYq1o2lxA\/bee%2Bvenom.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u200bBee venom therapy and low dose naltrexone for treatment\u00a0of multiple sclerosis.<\/a><br><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jneuroinflammation.com\/content\/7\/1\/69\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bee venom extends survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis models.<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16221950\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">A randomized crossover study of bee sting therapy for multiple sclerosis.<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16541972\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Honeybee venom extract as a possible treatment for patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis.<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ldnscience.org\/research\/bee-venom-therapy-and-low-dose-naltrexone-for-treatment-of-multiple-sclerosis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bee venom therapy and low dose Naltrexone for treatment\u00a0of multiple sclerosis.<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1229070\/\">MDs sceptical, but patients say\u00a0bee venom\u00a0relieves MS symptoms<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3832151\/\">Effect of Honey\u00a0Bee Venom\u00a0on Lewis Rats with Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis, a Model for Multiple Sclerosis<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pod\u013ea odhadov sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee viac ako 2,5 mili\u00f3na \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed patria do r\u00f4znych oblast\u00ed sveta, m\u00e1 roztr\u00fasen\u00fa skler\u00f3zu. Skr\u00e1tene MS, roztr\u00fasen\u00e1 skler\u00f3za postihuje ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dloveka inak; m\u00f4\u017eeme, \u017ee pr\u00edznaky sa ve\u013emi l\u00ed\u0161ia od jednej osoby k druhej. \u010co je roztr\u00fasen\u00e1 skler\u00f3za?Ide o neurologick\u00e9 ochorenie, ktor\u00e9 trvalo po\u0161kodzuje bunky CNS (centr\u00e1lneho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu), teda mozgu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":166,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.14 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Terapia v\u010del\u00edm jedom na roztr\u00fasen\u00fa skler\u00f3zu \/Skler\u00f3za Multiplex\/ - apitoxin.sk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/terapia-vcelim-jedom-na-roztrusenu-sklerozu-skleroza-multiplex\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Terapia v\u010del\u00edm jedom na roztr\u00fasen\u00fa skler\u00f3zu \/Skler\u00f3za Multiplex\/ - apitoxin.sk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pod\u013ea odhadov sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee viac ako 2,5 mili\u00f3na \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed patria do r\u00f4znych oblast\u00ed sveta, m\u00e1 roztr\u00fasen\u00fa skler\u00f3zu. Skr\u00e1tene MS, roztr\u00fasen\u00e1 skler\u00f3za postihuje ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dloveka inak; m\u00f4\u017eeme, \u017ee pr\u00edznaky sa ve\u013emi l\u00ed\u0161ia od jednej osoby k druhej. \u010co je roztr\u00fasen\u00e1 skler\u00f3za?Ide o neurologick\u00e9 ochorenie, ktor\u00e9 trvalo po\u0161kodzuje bunky CNS (centr\u00e1lneho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu), teda mozgu [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/terapia-vcelim-jedom-na-roztrusenu-sklerozu-skleroza-multiplex\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"apitoxin.sk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-07-19T05:58:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-07-19T06:04:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/multiple3.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"820\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"540\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Autor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 min\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/terapia-vcelim-jedom-na-roztrusenu-sklerozu-skleroza-multiplex\/\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/terapia-vcelim-jedom-na-roztrusenu-sklerozu-skleroza-multiplex\/\",\"name\":\"Terapia v\u010del\u00edm jedom na roztr\u00fasen\u00fa skler\u00f3zu \/Skler\u00f3za Multiplex\/ - apitoxin.sk\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-07-19T05:58:02+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-07-19T06:04:18+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/3432b72e01828705a1bdf176a0c88c35\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/terapia-vcelim-jedom-na-roztrusenu-sklerozu-skleroza-multiplex\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/terapia-vcelim-jedom-na-roztrusenu-sklerozu-skleroza-multiplex\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/terapia-vcelim-jedom-na-roztrusenu-sklerozu-skleroza-multiplex\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Terapia v\u010del\u00edm jedom na roztr\u00fasen\u00fa skler\u00f3zu \/Skler\u00f3za Multiplex\/\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/#website\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/\",\"name\":\"apitoxin.sk\",\"description\":\"Slovensk\u00fd v\u00fdrobca lapa\u010dov v\u010delieho jedu\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/3432b72e01828705a1bdf176a0c88c35\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/0.gravatar.com\/avatar\/06dd689f8b2c0a42278f99d7607e0cb1?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/0.gravatar.com\/avatar\/06dd689f8b2c0a42278f99d7607e0cb1?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\"],\"url\":\"http:\/\/d.r5.wbsprt.com\/apitoxin.sk\/author\/trix\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Terapia v\u010del\u00edm jedom na roztr\u00fasen\u00fa skler\u00f3zu \/Skler\u00f3za Multiplex\/ - apitoxin.sk","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/terapia-vcelim-jedom-na-roztrusenu-sklerozu-skleroza-multiplex\/","og_locale":"sk_SK","og_type":"article","og_title":"Terapia v\u010del\u00edm jedom na roztr\u00fasen\u00fa skler\u00f3zu \/Skler\u00f3za Multiplex\/ - apitoxin.sk","og_description":"Pod\u013ea odhadov sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee viac ako 2,5 mili\u00f3na \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed patria do r\u00f4znych oblast\u00ed sveta, m\u00e1 roztr\u00fasen\u00fa skler\u00f3zu. 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