{"id":181,"date":"2022-07-19T13:02:14","date_gmt":"2022-07-19T11:02:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/?p=181"},"modified":"2022-07-19T13:45:51","modified_gmt":"2022-07-19T11:45:51","slug":"liecba-vcelim-jedom-na-rakovinu-vajecnikov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/d.r5.wbsprt.com\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/liecba-vcelim-jedom-na-rakovinu-vajecnikov\/","title":{"rendered":"Lie\u010dba v\u010del\u00edm jedom na rakovinu vaje\u010dn\u00edkov"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017densk\u00e1 reproduk\u010dn\u00e1 \u017e\u013eaza je zn\u00e1ma ako vaje\u010dn\u00edk, a ke\u010f\u017ee s\u00fa tu pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 dve \u017e\u013eazy, s\u00fa zn\u00e1me ako vaje\u010dn\u00edky. Vaje\u010dn\u00edky s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00e9 za produkciu vaj\u00ed\u010dok a \u017eensk\u00fdch horm\u00f3nov, ako je progester\u00f3n a estrog\u00e9n. Rakovina vaje\u010dn\u00edkov sa objav\u00ed, ke\u010f sa abnorm\u00e1lne bunky umiestnen\u00e9 vo vaje\u010dn\u00edkoch za\u010dn\u00fa mno\u017ei\u0165 a ich produkcia sa vymkne kontrole. Nakoniec to vedie k n\u00e1doru. Rakovina vaje\u010dn\u00edkov je tie\u017e s\u00fahrnn\u00fd n\u00e1zov pre viacer\u00e9 druhy rakoviny, ktor\u00e9 poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z vaje\u010dn\u00edkov, vo vaje\u010dn\u00edkoch a okolo nich.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa typy rakoviny vaje\u010dn\u00edkov?<\/strong><br>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina pr\u00edpadov rakoviny vaje\u010dn\u00edkov sa vyskytuje u \u017eien vo veku 60 a\u017e 70 rokov. Tento typ rakoviny je rozdelen\u00fd do dvoch r\u00f4znych kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed: epiteli\u00e1lna rakovina a neepiteli\u00e1lna rakovina.<br>Rakovina, ktor\u00e1 rastie vo vaj\u00ed\u010dkovode, pobru\u0161nici a na vonkaj\u0161om povrchu vaje\u010dn\u00edka, sa naz\u00fdva epiteli\u00e1lna rakovina. Zatia\u013e \u010do rakovina, ktor\u00e1 poch\u00e1dza z vn\u00fatra vaje\u010dn\u00edka, sa naz\u00fdva neepiteli\u00e1lna rakovina. Existuje \u010fal\u0161\u00ed typ n\u00e1doru naz\u00fdvan\u00fd hrani\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1dor, existuje medzi ben\u00edgnym a mal\u00edgnym hrani\u010dn\u00fdm. Tento n\u00e1dor vznik\u00e1 v d\u00f4sledku zmien v po\u010dte buniek, ale nenaz\u00fdva sa rakovina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa d\u00f4vody, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa rakovinu vaje\u010dn\u00edkov?<br><\/strong>Rakovina vaje\u010dn\u00edkov je sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 r\u00f4znymi rizikov\u00fdmi faktormi, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 s: viacn\u00e1sobn\u00fdmi obdobiami ovul\u00e1cie, mal\u00fdm po\u010dtom tehotenstiev, neplodnos\u0165ou, neskorou menopauzou a skorou menopauzou. Rovnak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom r\u00f4zne pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 faktory chr\u00e1nia pred rakovinou vaje\u010dn\u00edkov, ako je nieko\u013ekon\u00e1sobn\u00e9 tehotenstvo, spr\u00e1vne pou\u017e\u00edvanie antikoncepcie, doj\u010denie a steriliz\u00e1cia alebo odstr\u00e1nenie vaje\u010dn\u00edkov. Faktory \u017eivotn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu, ako je norm\u00e1lny index BMI a akt\u00edvny \u017eivotn\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl, tie\u017e pom\u00e1haj\u00fa zbavi\u0165 sa rizika rakoviny vaje\u010dn\u00edkov. Existuj\u00fa aj dedi\u010dn\u00e9 varianty, ktor\u00e9 ved\u00fa k rakovine vaje\u010dn\u00edkov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pri \u010fal\u0161om upresnen\u00ed, mut\u00e1cia BRCA1 a BRCA2 naj\u010dastej\u0161ie predstavuje riziko, \u017ee sa \u017eeny stan\u00fa obe\u0165ou rakoviny vaje\u010dn\u00edkov alebo rakoviny prsn\u00edka. Na druhej strane, zdeden\u00e9 mut\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa ak\u00fako\u013evek s\u00favislos\u0165 s in\u00fdmi formami rakoviny, u \u017eien aj u mu\u017eov, m\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e nazna\u010dova\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko chytenia rakoviny vaje\u010dn\u00edkov. Je potrebn\u00e9 poznamena\u0165, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u017eien, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa viac ako 50 rokov, je diagnostikovan\u00e1 s t\u00fdmto typom rakoviny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Protirakovinov\u00e1 aktivita tox\u00ednov z v\u010delieho a hadieho jedu \u2013 preh\u013ead o rakovine vaje\u010dn\u00edkov<br><\/strong>Rakovina je jednou z najproblematickej\u0161\u00edch chor\u00f4b, pokia\u013e ide o verejn\u00e9 zdravie. Angiogen\u00e9za je abnorm\u00e1lna prolifer\u00e1cia buniek zodpovedn\u00fdch za n\u00e1dor a existuje zlo\u017eit\u00fd vz\u0165ah medzi r\u00f4znymi rakovinov\u00fdmi bunkami a zlo\u017ekami extracelul\u00e1rnej matrice, \u010do mo\u017eno pova\u017eova\u0165 za d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd v\u00fdvoj f\u00e1zy karcinogen\u00e9zy. T\u00e1to cesta tohto p\u00f4sobenia sa sk\u00fama, aby sa vyvinula \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 protirakovinov\u00e1 lie\u010dba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pod\u013ea r\u00f4znych klinick\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed sa zistilo, \u017ee tox\u00edny obsiahnut\u00e9 v r\u00f4znych typoch jedov vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa protirakovinov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na vl\u00e1kna \u013eudsk\u00fdch rakovinov\u00fdch buniek. To poskytuje nov\u00fa perspekt\u00edvu v oblasti v\u00fdvoja protirakovinov\u00fdch liekov.<br>\u200b<br>V tejto \u0161t\u00fadii bol sk\u00faman\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok prirodzen\u00fdch tox\u00ednov obsiahnut\u00fdch v hadom a v\u010delom jede v r\u00e1mci \u0161peci\u00e1lneho terapeutick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu, aby sme pochopili ich mechanizmus, ktor\u00fd zabra\u0148uje mno\u017eeniu a rastu rakovinov\u00fdch buniek. Po\u010das tohto v\u00fdskumu boli \u0161tudovan\u00e9 r\u00f4zne molekuly zo zdroja jedu, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee obsahova\u0165 ovari\u00e1lne bunky, ktor\u00e9 ved\u00fa k rakovine vaje\u010dn\u00edkov. Zistilo sa, \u017ee najm\u00e4 v\u010del\u00ed jed obsahuje nieko\u013eko u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fdch tox\u00ednov, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu pripravi\u0165 cestu pre v\u00fdvoj bezpe\u010dnej protirakovinovej terapie, ktor\u00e1 by sa dala pou\u017ei\u0165 namiesto klasickej chemoterapie, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 nieko\u013eko nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinkov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00e1to \u0161t\u00fadia m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 zlep\u0161i\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 \u0161tandardn\u00fdch protirakovinov\u00fdch terapi\u00ed a tie\u017e regulova\u0165 spr\u00e1vnu d\u00e1vku chemoterapie, ktor\u00e1 by mohla by\u0165 menej nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 pre pacientky s rakovinou vaje\u010dn\u00edkov. Tak\u00e9to typy \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa spoliehaj\u00fa na vyu\u017e\u00edvanie pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch zdrojov pri lie\u010dbe najz\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161\u00edch chor\u00f4b a ochoren\u00ed, s\u00fa okam\u017eite potrebn\u00e9, aby priniesli \u00fa\u013eavu pre pacientov trpiacich r\u00f4znymi typmi rakoviny. Tieto h\u013abkov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie tie\u017e pom\u00e1haj\u00fa presk\u00fama\u0165 molekul\u00e1rny mechanizmus tox\u00ednov na rakovinov\u00fdch bunk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aktivita v\u010delieho jedu<br>V\u010del\u00ed jed obsahuje r\u00f4zne akt\u00edvne zl\u00fa\u010deniny, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa farmaceutick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. Naju\u017eito\u010dnej\u0161ie s\u00fa sacharidy (nepeptick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny) a peptidy, ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa adolap\u00edn a apam\u00edn, MCD (degranula\u010dn\u00fd peptid \u017e\u00edrnych buniek, melit\u00edn, fosfolip\u00e1za A2 (enz\u00fdmy) a biog\u00e9nne am\u00edny (norepinefr\u00edn, dopam\u00edn a histam\u00edn). uskuto\u010d\u0148uj\u00fa sa klinick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie s cie\u013eom presk\u00fama\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinok t\u00fdchto zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn v\u010delieho jedu, ktor\u00e9 nes\u00fa biologick\u00fa aktivitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cez Melittin<br>Melitt\u00edn je pova\u017eovan\u00fd za hlavn\u00fd prvok v\u010delieho jedu. Ide o komplexn\u00fd prote\u00edn, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 26 aminokyselinov\u00fdch zvy\u0161kov. D\u00e1 sa \u013eahko rozpusti\u0165 vo vode a tie\u017e sa zistilo, \u017ee nar\u00fa\u0161a a integruje fosfolipidov\u00e9 dvojvrstvy (syntetick\u00e9 a pr\u00edrodn\u00e9). Vzh\u013eadom na r\u00f4zne spr\u00e1vy mo\u017eno vyvodi\u0165, \u017ee melit\u00edn ur\u010dite prin\u00e1\u0161a r\u00f4zne \u00fa\u010dinky, ako s\u00fa antiv\u00edrusov\u00e9, protiz\u00e1palov\u00e9, antibakteri\u00e1lne vlastnosti a zabra\u0148uje progresii mal\u00edgnych buniek, apopt\u00f3ze a zastaveniu bunkov\u00e9ho cyklu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cez Apamin<br>Apam\u00edn je druh\u00fdm najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm prvkom v\u010delieho jedu a m\u00e1 10 aminokysel\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa dve disulfidov\u00e9 v\u00e4zby. Je tie\u017e zn\u00e1my ako najmen\u0161\u00ed existuj\u00faci neurotox\u00edn v BV. Hlavn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dinkom apam\u00ednu je; kategorizovan\u00e1 inhib\u00edcia Ca2+ aktivovan\u00fdch K+ kan\u00e1lov. Apam\u00edn rob\u00ed to, \u017ee blokuje v\u0161etky kan\u00e1ly prostredn\u00edctvom minim\u00e1lnej koncentr\u00e1cie a zvy\u0161uje neur\u00f3nov\u00fa excitabilitu a plasticitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pod\u013ea vedeck\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku Ichii et al sa uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee apam\u00edn ovplyv\u0148uje trache\u00e1lnu kontrakciu uvo\u013e\u0148ovan\u00edm histam\u00ednu z p\u013e\u00facnych tkan\u00edv a v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku pom\u00e1ha pri zni\u017eovan\u00ed alergick\u00e9ho z\u00e1palu d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest. \u0160t\u00fadia vykonan\u00e1 v roku 2003 uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee apam\u00edn tie\u017e zabra\u0148uje uvo\u013eneniu myometria generovan\u00e9mu oxidom dusnat\u00fdm u o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fdch matiek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cez MCD<br>MCD je \u010fal\u0161ou d\u00f4le\u017eitou zl\u00fa\u010deninou, ktor\u00e1 obsahuje 22 aminokysel\u00edn a nesie 2 disulfidov\u00e9 v\u00e4zby medzi Cys5, 19 a Cys3, 15. MCD zabra\u0148uje produkcii histam\u00ednu zo \u017e\u00edrnych buniek pri minim\u00e1lnych koncentr\u00e1ci\u00e1ch nes\u00facich antialergick\u00fa aktivitu. \u0160t\u00fadie ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee tento proces inhib\u00edcie histam\u00ednu je celkom mo\u017en\u00fd, ke\u010f je podan\u00e1 koncentr\u00e1cia vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161om objeme ako prirodzene uvo\u013enen\u00e9 mno\u017estvo histam\u00ednu. D\u00f4vodom je, \u017ee p\u00f4sob\u00ed s molekulou imunoglobul\u00ednu E.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cez Adolapin<br>Existuje \u010fal\u0161\u00ed u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd peptid, naz\u00fdvan\u00fd adolap\u00edn, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 analgetick\u00e9, antipyretick\u00e9 a protiz\u00e1palov\u00e9 vlastnosti a tie\u017e zabra\u0148uje aktivite fosfolip\u00e1zy A2 z v\u010delieho jedu. Adolapin nesie t\u00fato vlastnos\u0165, preto\u017ee; inhibuje proces synt\u00e9zy prostagland\u00ednov inhibi\u010dn\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami cyklooxygen\u00e1zy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00da\u010dinok v\u010delieho jedu na rakovinov\u00e9 bunky<br><\/strong>V\u010del\u00ed jed svojimi r\u00f4znymi mechanizmami indukuje apopt\u00f3zu mal\u00edgnych buniek a zabra\u0148uje rastu n\u00e1doru. Aktiv\u00e1cia fosfolip\u00e1zy A2 pomocou melit\u00ednu je v\u0161eobecne pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed mechanizmus v\u010delieho jedu. Pod\u013ea Gajsk\u00e9ho bolo zaznamenan\u00e9, \u017ee melit\u00edn m\u00e1 ur\u010dite inhibi\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na kalmodul\u00edn ako antiprolifera\u010dn\u00fd prostriedok BV. Vedie tie\u017e k zv\u00fd\u0161enej aktivite PLA2, nekr\u00f3ze a pr\u00edtoku v\u00e1pnika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160t\u00fadia dospela k z\u00e1veru, \u017ee v\u0161eobecn\u00fa aktivitu v\u010delieho jedu na r\u00f4zne typy buniek sp\u00f4sobuj\u00facich rakovinu vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa zl\u00fa\u010deniny, ktor\u00e9 indukuj\u00fa apopt\u00f3zu prostredn\u00edctvom aktiv\u00e1cie kasp\u00e1zy-3 a kasp\u00e1zy-9 alebo uvo\u013e\u0148ovan\u00edm AIF a EndoG z mitochondri\u00ed. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci, ktor\u00ed patria do tejto \u0161t\u00fadie, tie\u017e podrobne sk\u00famali molekul\u00e1rny mechanizmus v\u010delieho jedu, ktor\u00fd indukuje apopt\u00f3zu v \u013eudsk\u00fdch rakovinov\u00fdch bunk\u00e1ch mo\u010dov\u00e9ho mech\u00fara. Zistilo sa, \u017ee existuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne cesty, ako je podpora aktiv\u00e1cie inicia\u010dnej efektorovej kasp\u00e1zy a kasp\u00e1z pomocou Fas\/CD95 (adaptorov\u00e9 prote\u00edny), indukcia uvo\u013e\u0148ovania reakt\u00edvnych foriem kysl\u00edka a apoptotickej smrti sprostredkovanej stresom ER a Ca2+ a spr\u00e1van\u00edm sa ako receptor pre v\u010del\u00ed jed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V roku 2010 sa uskuto\u010dnila \u0161t\u00fadia t\u00fdkaj\u00faca sa rakoviny p\u013e\u00fac, ktor\u00e1 zistila, \u017ee r\u00f4zne zl\u00fa\u010deniny BV maj\u00fa antiangiog\u00e9nne \u00fa\u010dinky, preto\u017ee blokuj\u00fa fosforyl\u00e1ciu tyroz\u00ednu VEGFR2. V tejto \u0161t\u00fadii sa molekul\u00e1rny mechanizmus melitt\u00ednu v spojen\u00ed s jeho farmakologickou aktivitou pozoroval aj v leukemick\u00fdch bunk\u00e1ch U937. Dospelo sa k z\u00e1veru, \u017ee v\u010del\u00ed jed generuje down-regul\u00e1ciu sign\u00e1lnych dr\u00e1h Akt a ERK kasp\u00e1zou-3 a Bcl-2, ktor\u00e9 p\u00f4sobia ako hlavn\u00e9 regul\u00e1tory, ktor\u00e9 indukuj\u00fa apopt\u00f3zu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160t\u00fadia vykonan\u00e1 v roku 2012 d\u00f4kladne sk\u00famala cytotoxick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok BV v kombin\u00e1cii s cisplatinou na rakovinov\u00e9 bunky rezistentn\u00e9 na cisplatinu (bunky A2780cp). Lie\u010dba sa uskuto\u010d\u0148ovala pod\u00e1van\u00edm 8 \u00b5\/ml BV alebo 25 mg\/ml cisplatiny po\u010das takmer 24 hod\u00edn, \u010do malo za n\u00e1sledok smr\u0165 rakovinov\u00fdch buniek rezistentn\u00fdch na cisplatinu o 50 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Simult\u00e1nna lie\u010dba tie\u017e priniesla rovnak\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky, kde sa cisplatina udr\u017eiavala na 10 mg\/ml a v\u010del\u00ed jed sa pod\u00e1val na 4 ug\/ml takmer 24 hod\u00edn. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci sk\u00famali \u00fa\u010dinok na expresiu Bcl2, ktor\u00fd uk\u00e1zal pokles rakovinov\u00fdch buniek rezistentn\u00fdch na cisplatinu po tom, \u010do boli bunky vystaven\u00e9 cisplatine a v\u010deliemu jedu.<br>T\u00e1to \u0161t\u00fadia dospela k z\u00e1veru, \u017ee v\u010del\u00ed jed m\u00e1 pozit\u00edvny vplyv na bunky rakoviny vaje\u010dn\u00edkov a tie\u017e zvy\u0161uje cytotoxick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok na cisplatinu, ktor\u00e1 je protin\u00e1dorov\u00fdm \u010dinidlom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pod\u013ea \u010fal\u0161ej \u0161t\u00fadie uskuto\u010dnenej v roku 2015 sa sk\u00famal proapoptotick\u00fd a cytotoxick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok chryz\u00ednu a v\u010delieho jedu na rakovinov\u00e9 bunky vaje\u010dn\u00edkov rezistentn\u00e9 na cisplatinu. V klinickej \u0161t\u00fadii sa pod\u00e1val chryz\u00edn v mno\u017estve 40 \u00b5g\/ml a v\u010del\u00ed jed v mno\u017estve 8 \u00b5g\/ml, zatia\u013e \u010do kombin\u00e1cia chryz\u00ednu a v\u010delieho jedu v mno\u017estve 15 \u00b5g\/ml a 6 \u00b5g\/ml viedla k \u00famrtiu buniek rakoviny vaje\u010dn\u00edkov rezistentn\u00fdch na cisplatinu. 50 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160t\u00fadiu vykonan\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161ie autori Alizedehnohi et al. o zn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed regul\u00e1cie Bcl-2. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci tejto \u0161t\u00fadie zistili, \u017ee existuje \u0161peci\u00e1lny mechanizmus, prostredn\u00edctvom ktor\u00e9ho chryz\u00edn a v\u010del\u00ed jed pomohli zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 popul\u00e1ciu buniek rakoviny vaje\u010dn\u00edkov. Zaznamenan\u00fd mechanizmus bol: aktiv\u00e1cia kasp\u00e1zy prostredn\u00edctvom mitochondri\u00e1lnej dr\u00e1hy, inhib\u00edcia akumul\u00e1cie Bcl2 a ROS. Zv\u00fd\u0161enie expresie kasp\u00e1zy (3 a 9) a downregul\u00e1cia Bcl2 nazna\u010dili, \u017ee t\u00e1to lie\u010dba m\u00e1 protin\u00e1dorov\u00fa aktivitu stanoven\u00fa vn\u00fatornou apoptotickou dr\u00e1hou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161etky vy\u0161\u0161ie diskutovan\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee tox\u00edny z\u00edskan\u00e9 z v\u010delieho jedu m\u00f4\u017eu sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 ako potenci\u00e1lni kandid\u00e1ti na lie\u010dbu pacientov s rakovinou vaje\u010dn\u00edkov. Bioakt\u00edvne zl\u00fa\u010deniny v\u010delieho jedu boli starostlivo \u0161tudovan\u00e9, aby sa presk\u00famali ich protirakovinov\u00e9 terapeutick\u00e9 vlastnosti. Napriek tomu je nevyhnutn\u00e9 podrobne presk\u00fama\u0165 protirakovinov\u00e9 vlastnosti v\u010delieho jedu prostredn\u00edctvom r\u00f4znych klinick\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed, \u010do by mohlo pom\u00f4c\u0165 v\u00fdskumn\u00edkom lep\u0161ie pochopi\u0165 molekul\u00e1rne p\u00f4sobenie t\u00fdchto tox\u00ednov na rakovinov\u00e9 bunky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Synergick\u00fd cytotoxick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok cisplatiny a jedu v\u010dely medonosnej na bunkov\u00fa l\u00edniu \u013eudskej rakoviny vaje\u010dn\u00edkov A2780cp<br><\/strong>Existuje obrovsk\u00e1 popul\u00e1cia \u017eien, ktor\u00e9 trpia r\u00f4znymi typmi rakoviny a rakovina vaje\u010dn\u00edkov je jednou z nich. V\u010del\u00ed jed je dobre zn\u00e1my prirodzene sa vyskytuj\u00faci terapeutick\u00fd prostriedok pre svoje lie\u010div\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. Zatia\u013e \u010do cisplatinu mo\u017eno op\u00edsa\u0165 ako jednu z najlep\u0161\u00edch chemoterapeutick\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00fa pri lie\u010dbe rakoviny vaje\u010dn\u00edkov. T\u00e1to \u0161t\u00fadia bola navrhnut\u00e1 na presk\u00famanie synergick\u00fdch a cytotoxick\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinkov BV spolu s cisplatinou na bunky A2780cp (bunky rakoviny vaje\u010dn\u00edkov rezistentn\u00e9 na cisplatinu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na uskuto\u010dnenie tohto experimentu sa uskuto\u010dnila imunocytochemick\u00e1 a prietokov\u00e1 cytometrick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza, test fragment\u00e1cie DNA, morfologick\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie a test MTT. Test MTT uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee d\u00e1vka 8 ug\/ml v\u010delieho jedu a 25 mg\/ml cisplatiny a 4 ug\/ml v\u010delieho jedu a 10 mg\/ml cisplatiny udr\u017eiavan\u00e1 po\u010das 24 hod\u00edn viedla k smrti buniek A2780cp o takmer 50 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zatia\u013e \u010do biochemick\u00e9 alebo morfologick\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee apoptotick\u00fd sp\u00f4sob bunkovej smrti bol vyvolan\u00fd cisplatinou a v\u010del\u00edm jedom, ke\u010f sa pou\u017eili v kombin\u00e1cii a tie\u017e oddelene. Imunocytochemick\u00e1 a prietokov\u00e1 cytometrick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza uk\u00e1zala vidite\u013en\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017eenie hladiny prote\u00ednu Bcl2. Zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch zaznamenan\u00fdch klinick\u00fdch n\u00e1lezov bolo deklarovan\u00e9, \u017ee r\u00f4zne zlo\u017eky v\u010delieho jedu maj\u00fa protirakovinov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na bunky rakoviny \u013eudsk\u00fdch vaje\u010dn\u00edkov. To nakoniec uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee v\u010del\u00ed jed m\u00e1 tie\u017e potenci\u00e1l na zv\u00fd\u0161enie a vytvorenie cytotoxick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku cisplatiny \u2013 protin\u00e1dorovej l\u00e1tky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1ver<\/strong>:<br>V\u00fdsledky s\u00fa zhroma\u017eden\u00e9 in\u00fdmi klinick\u00fdmi \u0161t\u00fadiami vykonan\u00fdmi na bunk\u00e1ch U937 a MCF7, ktor\u00e9 tie\u017e uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee BV vedie k apoptotickej smrti buniek v bunk\u00e1ch karcin\u00f3mu prostaty LNCaP, PC3 a DU145 prostredn\u00edctvom aktiv\u00e1cie kasp\u00e1zy3 inaktiv\u00e1ciou in vivo a in vitro .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdskumn\u00edci tie\u017e uviedli, \u017ee t\u00e1to protirakovinov\u00e1 vlastnos\u0165 v\u010delieho jedu bola spojen\u00e1 so zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm hlad\u00edn antiapoptotick\u00fdch a proliferat\u00edvnych g\u00e9nov\u00fdch produktov, ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa cPLA2, COX-2, iNOS, XIAP, clap-2 a Bcl-2, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v\u0161etky regulovan\u00e9 NF\u03baB.<br>Pod\u013ea z\u00edskan\u00fdch v\u00fdsledkov m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 BV \u013eahko pou\u017eit\u00fd na zv\u00fd\u0161enie cytotoxick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku be\u017en\u00fdch chemoterapeutick\u00fdch \u010dinidiel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zdroje:\u200b<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6017821\/\">Anticancer Activity of Toxins from Bee and Snake Venom\u2014An Overview on Ovarian Cancer<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3522379\/\">The synergistic cytotoxic effect of cisplatin and honey\u00a0bee venom\u00a0on human ovarian cancer cell line A2780cp<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5487985\/\">Metabolomic Profiling of the Synergistic Effects of Melittin in Combination with Cisplatin on Ovarian Cancer Cells<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5192441\/\">Metabolomic Profiling of the Effects of Melittin on Cisplatin Resistant and Cisplatin Sensitive Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Mass Spectrometry&#8230;<br><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22027265\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u200bAnti-cancer\u00a0effect of\u00a0bee venom\u00a0toxin and melittin in ovarian\u00a0cancer cells.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u017densk\u00e1 reproduk\u010dn\u00e1 \u017e\u013eaza je zn\u00e1ma ako vaje\u010dn\u00edk, a ke\u010f\u017ee s\u00fa tu pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 dve \u017e\u013eazy, s\u00fa zn\u00e1me ako vaje\u010dn\u00edky. Vaje\u010dn\u00edky s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00e9 za produkciu vaj\u00ed\u010dok a \u017eensk\u00fdch horm\u00f3nov, ako je progester\u00f3n a estrog\u00e9n. Rakovina vaje\u010dn\u00edkov sa objav\u00ed, ke\u010f sa abnorm\u00e1lne bunky umiestnen\u00e9 vo vaje\u010dn\u00edkoch za\u010dn\u00fa mno\u017ei\u0165 a ich produkcia sa vymkne kontrole. Nakoniec to vedie k [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":182,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.14 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Lie\u010dba v\u010del\u00edm jedom na rakovinu vaje\u010dn\u00edkov - apitoxin.sk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/liecba-vcelim-jedom-na-rakovinu-vajecnikov\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lie\u010dba v\u010del\u00edm jedom na rakovinu vaje\u010dn\u00edkov - apitoxin.sk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u017densk\u00e1 reproduk\u010dn\u00e1 \u017e\u013eaza je zn\u00e1ma ako vaje\u010dn\u00edk, a ke\u010f\u017ee s\u00fa tu pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 dve \u017e\u013eazy, s\u00fa zn\u00e1me ako vaje\u010dn\u00edky. Vaje\u010dn\u00edky s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00e9 za produkciu vaj\u00ed\u010dok a \u017eensk\u00fdch horm\u00f3nov, ako je progester\u00f3n a estrog\u00e9n. Rakovina vaje\u010dn\u00edkov sa objav\u00ed, ke\u010f sa abnorm\u00e1lne bunky umiestnen\u00e9 vo vaje\u010dn\u00edkoch za\u010dn\u00fa mno\u017ei\u0165 a ich produkcia sa vymkne kontrole. Nakoniec to vedie k [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/liecba-vcelim-jedom-na-rakovinu-vajecnikov\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"apitoxin.sk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-07-19T11:02:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-07-19T11:45:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ovarian.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"447\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"404\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Autor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 min\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/liecba-vcelim-jedom-na-rakovinu-vajecnikov\/\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/liecba-vcelim-jedom-na-rakovinu-vajecnikov\/\",\"name\":\"Lie\u010dba v\u010del\u00edm jedom na rakovinu vaje\u010dn\u00edkov - apitoxin.sk\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-07-19T11:02:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-07-19T11:45:51+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/3432b72e01828705a1bdf176a0c88c35\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/liecba-vcelim-jedom-na-rakovinu-vajecnikov\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/liecba-vcelim-jedom-na-rakovinu-vajecnikov\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/liecba-vcelim-jedom-na-rakovinu-vajecnikov\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Lie\u010dba v\u010del\u00edm jedom na rakovinu vaje\u010dn\u00edkov\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/#website\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/\",\"name\":\"apitoxin.sk\",\"description\":\"Slovensk\u00fd v\u00fdrobca lapa\u010dov v\u010delieho jedu\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/3432b72e01828705a1bdf176a0c88c35\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/0.gravatar.com\/avatar\/06dd689f8b2c0a42278f99d7607e0cb1?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/0.gravatar.com\/avatar\/06dd689f8b2c0a42278f99d7607e0cb1?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\"],\"url\":\"http:\/\/d.r5.wbsprt.com\/apitoxin.sk\/author\/trix\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Lie\u010dba v\u010del\u00edm jedom na rakovinu vaje\u010dn\u00edkov - apitoxin.sk","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/liecba-vcelim-jedom-na-rakovinu-vajecnikov\/","og_locale":"sk_SK","og_type":"article","og_title":"Lie\u010dba v\u010del\u00edm jedom na rakovinu vaje\u010dn\u00edkov - apitoxin.sk","og_description":"\u017densk\u00e1 reproduk\u010dn\u00e1 \u017e\u013eaza je zn\u00e1ma ako vaje\u010dn\u00edk, a ke\u010f\u017ee s\u00fa tu pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 dve \u017e\u013eazy, s\u00fa zn\u00e1me ako vaje\u010dn\u00edky. Vaje\u010dn\u00edky s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00e9 za produkciu vaj\u00ed\u010dok a \u017eensk\u00fdch horm\u00f3nov, ako je progester\u00f3n a estrog\u00e9n. Rakovina vaje\u010dn\u00edkov sa objav\u00ed, ke\u010f sa abnorm\u00e1lne bunky umiestnen\u00e9 vo vaje\u010dn\u00edkoch za\u010dn\u00fa mno\u017ei\u0165 a ich produkcia sa vymkne kontrole. Nakoniec to vedie k [&hellip;]","og_url":"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/liecba-vcelim-jedom-na-rakovinu-vajecnikov\/","og_site_name":"apitoxin.sk","article_published_time":"2022-07-19T11:02:14+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-07-19T11:45:51+00:00","og_image":[{"width":447,"height":404,"url":"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ovarian.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Autor":"admin","Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania":"10 min\u00fat"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/liecba-vcelim-jedom-na-rakovinu-vajecnikov\/","url":"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/liecba-vcelim-jedom-na-rakovinu-vajecnikov\/","name":"Lie\u010dba v\u010del\u00edm jedom na rakovinu vaje\u010dn\u00edkov - apitoxin.sk","isPartOf":{"@id":"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/#website"},"datePublished":"2022-07-19T11:02:14+00:00","dateModified":"2022-07-19T11:45:51+00:00","author":{"@id":"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/3432b72e01828705a1bdf176a0c88c35"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/liecba-vcelim-jedom-na-rakovinu-vajecnikov\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/liecba-vcelim-jedom-na-rakovinu-vajecnikov\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/2022\/07\/19\/liecba-vcelim-jedom-na-rakovinu-vajecnikov\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Lie\u010dba v\u010del\u00edm jedom na rakovinu vaje\u010dn\u00edkov"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/#website","url":"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/","name":"apitoxin.sk","description":"Slovensk\u00fd v\u00fdrobca lapa\u010dov v\u010delieho jedu","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"sk-SK"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/3432b72e01828705a1bdf176a0c88c35","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"http:\/\/apitoxin.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"http:\/\/0.gravatar.com\/avatar\/06dd689f8b2c0a42278f99d7607e0cb1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"http:\/\/0.gravatar.com\/avatar\/06dd689f8b2c0a42278f99d7607e0cb1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/apitoxin.sk"],"url":"http:\/\/d.r5.wbsprt.com\/apitoxin.sk\/author\/trix\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/d.r5.wbsprt.com\/apitoxin.sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/181"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/d.r5.wbsprt.com\/apitoxin.sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/d.r5.wbsprt.com\/apitoxin.sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/d.r5.wbsprt.com\/apitoxin.sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/d.r5.wbsprt.com\/apitoxin.sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=181"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/d.r5.wbsprt.com\/apitoxin.sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/181\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":183,"href":"http:\/\/d.r5.wbsprt.com\/apitoxin.sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/181\/revisions\/183"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/d.r5.wbsprt.com\/apitoxin.sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/182"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/d.r5.wbsprt.com\/apitoxin.sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=181"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/d.r5.wbsprt.com\/apitoxin.sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=181"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/d.r5.wbsprt.com\/apitoxin.sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=181"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}